"""Constraints: functions that impose constraints on weight values.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import six
from . import backend as K
from .utils.generic_utils import serialize_keras_object
from .utils.generic_utils import deserialize_keras_object


class Constraint(object):

    def __call__(self, w):
        return w

    def get_config(self):
        return {}


class MaxNorm(Constraint):
    """MaxNorm weight constraint.

    Constrains the weights incident to each hidden unit
    to have a norm less than or equal to a desired value.

    # Arguments
        max_value: the maximum norm for the incoming weights.
        axis: integer, axis along which to calculate weight norms.
            For instance, in a `Dense` layer the weight matrix
            has shape `(input_dim, output_dim)`,
            set `axis` to `0` to constrain each weight vector
            of length `(input_dim,)`.
            In a `Conv2D` layer with `data_format="channels_last"`,
            the weight tensor has shape
            `(rows, cols, input_depth, output_depth)`,
            set `axis` to `[0, 1, 2]`
            to constrain the weights of each filter tensor of size
            `(rows, cols, input_depth)`.

    # References
        - [Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting](
           http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~rsalakhu/papers/srivastava14a.pdf)
    """

    def __init__(self, max_value=2, axis=0):
        self.max_value = max_value
        self.axis = axis

    def __call__(self, w):
        norms = K.sqrt(K.sum(K.square(w), axis=self.axis, keepdims=True))
        desired = K.clip(norms, 0, self.max_value)
        return w * (desired / (K.epsilon() + norms))

    def get_config(self):
        return {'max_value': self.max_value,
                'axis': self.axis}


class NonNeg(Constraint):
    """Constrains the weights to be non-negative.
    """

    def __call__(self, w):
        return w * K.cast(K.greater_equal(w, 0.), K.floatx())


class UnitNorm(Constraint):
    """Constrains the weights incident to each hidden unit to have unit norm.

    # Arguments
        axis: integer, axis along which to calculate weight norms.
            For instance, in a `Dense` layer the weight matrix
            has shape `(input_dim, output_dim)`,
            set `axis` to `0` to constrain each weight vector
            of length `(input_dim,)`.
            In a `Conv2D` layer with `data_format="channels_last"`,
            the weight tensor has shape
            `(rows, cols, input_depth, output_depth)`,
            set `axis` to `[0, 1, 2]`
            to constrain the weights of each filter tensor of size
            `(rows, cols, input_depth)`.
    """

    def __init__(self, axis=0):
        self.axis = axis

    def __call__(self, w):
        return w / (K.epsilon() + K.sqrt(K.sum(K.square(w),
                                               axis=self.axis,
                                               keepdims=True)))

    def get_config(self):
        return {'axis': self.axis}


class MinMaxNorm(Constraint):
    """MinMaxNorm weight constraint.

    Constrains the weights incident to each hidden unit
    to have the norm between a lower bound and an upper bound.

    # Arguments
        min_value: the minimum norm for the incoming weights.
        max_value: the maximum norm for the incoming weights.
        rate: rate for enforcing the constraint: weights will be
            rescaled to yield
            `(1 - rate) * norm + rate * norm.clip(min_value, max_value)`.
            Effectively, this means that rate=1.0 stands for strict
            enforcement of the constraint, while rate<1.0 means that
            weights will be rescaled at each step to slowly move
            towards a value inside the desired interval.
        axis: integer, axis along which to calculate weight norms.
            For instance, in a `Dense` layer the weight matrix
            has shape `(input_dim, output_dim)`,
            set `axis` to `0` to constrain each weight vector
            of length `(input_dim,)`.
            In a `Conv2D` layer with `data_format="channels_last"`,
            the weight tensor has shape
            `(rows, cols, input_depth, output_depth)`,
            set `axis` to `[0, 1, 2]`
            to constrain the weights of each filter tensor of size
            `(rows, cols, input_depth)`.
    """

    def __init__(self, min_value=0.0, max_value=1.0, rate=1.0, axis=0):
        self.min_value = min_value
        self.max_value = max_value
        self.rate = rate
        self.axis = axis

    def __call__(self, w):
        norms = K.sqrt(K.sum(K.square(w), axis=self.axis, keepdims=True))
        desired = (self.rate * K.clip(norms, self.min_value, self.max_value) +
                   (1 - self.rate) * norms)
        return w * (desired / (K.epsilon() + norms))

    def get_config(self):
        return {'min_value': self.min_value,
                'max_value': self.max_value,
                'rate': self.rate,
                'axis': self.axis}


# Aliases.

max_norm = MaxNorm
non_neg = NonNeg
unit_norm = UnitNorm
min_max_norm = MinMaxNorm


# Legacy aliases.
maxnorm = max_norm
nonneg = non_neg
unitnorm = unit_norm


def serialize(constraint):
    return serialize_keras_object(constraint)


def deserialize(config, custom_objects=None):
    return deserialize_keras_object(config,
                                    module_objects=globals(),
                                    custom_objects=custom_objects,
                                    printable_module_name='constraint')


def get(identifier):
    if identifier is None:
        return None
    if isinstance(identifier, dict):
        return deserialize(identifier)
    elif isinstance(identifier, six.string_types):
        config = {'class_name': str(identifier), 'config': {}}
        return deserialize(config)
    elif callable(identifier):
        return identifier
    else:
        raise ValueError('Could not interpret constraint identifier: ' +
                         str(identifier))