"""Virtual transport implementation. Emulates the AMQ API for non-AMQ transports. """ from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals import base64 import socket import sys import warnings from array import array from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict, namedtuple from itertools import count from multiprocessing.util import Finalize from time import sleep from amqp.protocol import queue_declare_ok_t from kombu.exceptions import ResourceError, ChannelError from kombu.five import Empty, items, monotonic from kombu.log import get_logger from kombu.utils.encoding import str_to_bytes, bytes_to_str from kombu.utils.div import emergency_dump_state from kombu.utils.scheduling import FairCycle from kombu.utils.uuid import uuid from kombu.transport import base from .exchange import STANDARD_EXCHANGE_TYPES ARRAY_TYPE_H = 'H' if sys.version_info[0] == 3 else b'H' UNDELIVERABLE_FMT = """\ Message could not be delivered: No queues bound to exchange {exchange!r} \ using binding key {routing_key!r}. """ NOT_EQUIVALENT_FMT = """\ Cannot redeclare exchange {0!r} in vhost {1!r} with \ different type, durable, autodelete or arguments value.\ """ W_NO_CONSUMERS = """\ Requeuing undeliverable message for queue %r: No consumers.\ """ RESTORING_FMT = 'Restoring {0!r} unacknowledged message(s)' RESTORE_PANIC_FMT = 'UNABLE TO RESTORE {0} MESSAGES: {1}' logger = get_logger(__name__) #: Key format used for queue argument lookups in BrokerState.bindings. binding_key_t = namedtuple('binding_key_t', ( 'queue', 'exchange', 'routing_key', )) #: BrokerState.queue_bindings generates tuples in this format. queue_binding_t = namedtuple('queue_binding_t', ( 'exchange', 'routing_key', 'arguments', )) class Base64(object): """Base64 codec.""" def encode(self, s): return bytes_to_str(base64.b64encode(str_to_bytes(s))) def decode(self, s): return base64.b64decode(str_to_bytes(s)) class NotEquivalentError(Exception): """Entity declaration is not equivalent to the previous declaration.""" class UndeliverableWarning(UserWarning): """The message could not be delivered to a queue.""" class BrokerState(object): """Broker state holds exchanges, queues and bindings.""" #: Mapping of exchange name to #: :class:`kombu.transport.virtual.exchange.ExchangeType` exchanges = None #: This is the actual bindings registry, used to store bindings and to #: test 'in' relationships in constant time. It has the following #: structure:: #: #: { #: (queue, exchange, routing_key): arguments, #: # ..., #: } bindings = None #: The queue index is used to access directly (constant time) #: all the bindings of a certain queue. It has the following structure:: #: { #: queue: { #: (queue, exchange, routing_key), #: # ..., #: }, #: # ..., #: } queue_index = None def __init__(self, exchanges=None): self.exchanges = {} if exchanges is None else exchanges self.bindings = {} self.queue_index = defaultdict(set) def clear(self): self.exchanges.clear() self.bindings.clear() self.queue_index.clear() def has_binding(self, queue, exchange, routing_key): return (queue, exchange, routing_key) in self.bindings def binding_declare(self, queue, exchange, routing_key, arguments): key = binding_key_t(queue, exchange, routing_key) self.bindings.setdefault(key, arguments) self.queue_index[queue].add(key) def binding_delete(self, queue, exchange, routing_key): key = binding_key_t(queue, exchange, routing_key) try: del self.bindings[key] except KeyError: pass else: self.queue_index[queue].remove(key) def queue_bindings_delete(self, queue): try: bindings = self.queue_index.pop(queue) except KeyError: pass else: [self.bindings.pop(binding, None) for binding in bindings] def queue_bindings(self, queue): return ( queue_binding_t(key.exchange, key.routing_key, self.bindings[key]) for key in self.queue_index[queue] ) class QoS(object): """Quality of Service guarantees. Only supports `prefetch_count` at this point. Arguments: channel (ChannelT): Connection channel. prefetch_count (int): Initial prefetch count (defaults to 0). """ #: current prefetch count value prefetch_count = 0 #: :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` of active messages. #: *NOTE*: Can only be modified by the consuming thread. _delivered = None #: acks can be done by other threads than the consuming thread. #: Instead of a mutex, which doesn't perform well here, we mark #: the delivery tags as dirty, so subsequent calls to append() can remove #: them. _dirty = None #: If disabled, unacked messages won't be restored at shutdown. restore_at_shutdown = True def __init__(self, channel, prefetch_count=0): self.channel = channel self.prefetch_count = prefetch_count or 0 self._delivered = OrderedDict() self._delivered.restored = False self._dirty = set() self._quick_ack = self._dirty.add self._quick_append = self._delivered.__setitem__ self._on_collect = Finalize( self, self.restore_unacked_once, exitpriority=1, ) def can_consume(self): """Return true if the channel can be consumed from. Used to ensure the client adhers to currently active prefetch limits. """ pcount = self.prefetch_count return not pcount or len(self._delivered) - len(self._dirty) < pcount def can_consume_max_estimate(self): """Return the maximum number of messages allowed to be returned. Returns an estimated number of messages that a consumer may be allowed to consume at once from the broker. This is used for services where bulk 'get message' calls are preferred to many individual 'get message' calls - like SQS. Returns: int: greater than zero. """ pcount = self.prefetch_count if pcount: return max(pcount - (len(self._delivered) - len(self._dirty)), 0) def append(self, message, delivery_tag): """Append message to transactional state.""" if self._dirty: self._flush() self._quick_append(delivery_tag, message) def get(self, delivery_tag): return self._delivered[delivery_tag] def _flush(self): """Flush dirty (acked/rejected) tags from.""" dirty = self._dirty delivered = self._delivered while 1: try: dirty_tag = dirty.pop() except KeyError: break delivered.pop(dirty_tag, None) def ack(self, delivery_tag): """Acknowledge message and remove from transactional state.""" self._quick_ack(delivery_tag) def reject(self, delivery_tag, requeue=False): """Remove from transactional state and requeue message.""" if requeue: self.channel._restore_at_beginning(self._delivered[delivery_tag]) self._quick_ack(delivery_tag) def restore_unacked(self): """Restore all unacknowledged messages.""" self._flush() delivered = self._delivered errors = [] restore = self.channel._restore pop_message = delivered.popitem while delivered: try: _, message = pop_message() except KeyError: # pragma: no cover break try: restore(message) except BaseException as exc: errors.append((exc, message)) delivered.clear() return errors def restore_unacked_once(self, stderr=None): """Restore all unacknowledged messages at shutdown/gc collect. Note: Can only be called once for each instance, subsequent calls will be ignored. """ self._on_collect.cancel() self._flush() stderr = sys.stderr if stderr is None else stderr state = self._delivered if not self.restore_at_shutdown or not self.channel.do_restore: return if getattr(state, 'restored', None): assert not state return try: if state: print(RESTORING_FMT.format(len(self._delivered)), file=stderr) unrestored = self.restore_unacked() if unrestored: errors, messages = list(zip(*unrestored)) print(RESTORE_PANIC_FMT.format(len(errors), errors), file=stderr) emergency_dump_state(messages, stderr=stderr) finally: state.restored = True def restore_visible(self, *args, **kwargs): """Restore any pending unackwnowledged messages. To be filled in for visibility_timeout style implementations. Note: This is implementation optional, and currently only used by the Redis transport. """ pass class Message(base.Message): """Message object.""" def __init__(self, payload, channel=None, **kwargs): self._raw = payload properties = payload['properties'] body = payload.get('body') if body: body = channel.decode_body(body, properties.get('body_encoding')) super(Message, self).__init__( body=body, channel=channel, delivery_tag=properties['delivery_tag'], content_type=payload.get('content-type'), content_encoding=payload.get('content-encoding'), headers=payload.get('headers'), properties=properties, delivery_info=properties.get('delivery_info'), postencode='utf-8', **kwargs) def serializable(self): props = self.properties body, _ = self.channel.encode_body(self.body, props.get('body_encoding')) headers = dict(self.headers) # remove compression header headers.pop('compression', None) return { 'body': body, 'properties': props, 'content-type': self.content_type, 'content-encoding': self.content_encoding, 'headers': headers, } class AbstractChannel(object): """Abstract channel interface. This is an abstract class defining the channel methods you'd usually want to implement in a virtual channel. Note: Do not subclass directly, but rather inherit from :class:`Channel`. """ def _get(self, queue, timeout=None): """Get next message from `queue`.""" raise NotImplementedError('Virtual channels must implement _get') def _put(self, queue, message): """Put `message` onto `queue`.""" raise NotImplementedError('Virtual channels must implement _put') def _purge(self, queue): """Remove all messages from `queue`.""" raise NotImplementedError('Virtual channels must implement _purge') def _size(self, queue): """Return the number of messages in `queue` as an :class:`int`.""" return 0 def _delete(self, queue, *args, **kwargs): """Delete `queue`. Note: This just purges the queue, if you need to do more you can override this method. """ self._purge(queue) def _new_queue(self, queue, **kwargs): """Create new queue. Note: Your transport can override this method if it needs to do something whenever a new queue is declared. """ pass def _has_queue(self, queue, **kwargs): """Verify that queue exists. Returns: bool: Should return :const:`True` if the queue exists or :const:`False` otherwise. """ return True def _poll(self, cycle, callback, timeout=None): """Poll a list of queues for available messages.""" return cycle.get(callback) def _get_and_deliver(self, queue, callback): message = self._get(queue) callback(message, queue) class Channel(AbstractChannel, base.StdChannel): """Virtual channel. Arguments: connection (ConnectionT): The transport instance this channel is part of. """ #: message class used. Message = Message #: QoS class used. QoS = QoS #: flag to restore unacked messages when channel #: goes out of scope. do_restore = True #: mapping of exchange types and corresponding classes. exchange_types = dict(STANDARD_EXCHANGE_TYPES) #: flag set if the channel supports fanout exchanges. supports_fanout = False #: Binary <-> ASCII codecs. codecs = {'base64': Base64()} #: Default body encoding. #: NOTE: ``transport_options['body_encoding']`` will override this value. body_encoding = 'base64' #: counter used to generate delivery tags for this channel. _delivery_tags = count(1) #: Optional queue where messages with no route is delivered. #: Set by ``transport_options['deadletter_queue']``. deadletter_queue = None # List of options to transfer from :attr:`transport_options`. from_transport_options = ('body_encoding', 'deadletter_queue') # Priority defaults default_priority = 0 min_priority = 0 max_priority = 9 def __init__(self, connection, **kwargs): self.connection = connection self._consumers = set() self._cycle = None self._tag_to_queue = {} self._active_queues = [] self._qos = None self.closed = False # instantiate exchange types self.exchange_types = dict( (typ, cls(self)) for typ, cls in items(self.exchange_types) ) try: self.channel_id = self.connection._avail_channel_ids.pop() except IndexError: raise ResourceError( 'No free channel ids, current={0}, channel_max={1}'.format( len(self.connection.channels), self.connection.channel_max), (20, 10), ) topts = self.connection.client.transport_options for opt_name in self.from_transport_options: try: setattr(self, opt_name, topts[opt_name]) except KeyError: pass def exchange_declare(self, exchange=None, type='direct', durable=False, auto_delete=False, arguments=None, nowait=False, passive=False): """Declare exchange.""" type = type or 'direct' exchange = exchange or 'amq.%s' % type if passive: if exchange not in self.state.exchanges: raise ChannelError( 'NOT_FOUND - no exchange {0!r} in vhost {1!r}'.format( exchange, self.connection.client.virtual_host or '/'), (50, 10), 'Channel.exchange_declare', '404', ) return try: prev = self.state.exchanges[exchange] if not self.typeof(exchange).equivalent(prev, exchange, type, durable, auto_delete, arguments): raise NotEquivalentError(NOT_EQUIVALENT_FMT.format( exchange, self.connection.client.virtual_host or '/')) except KeyError: self.state.exchanges[exchange] = { 'type': type, 'durable': durable, 'auto_delete': auto_delete, 'arguments': arguments or {}, 'table': [], } def exchange_delete(self, exchange, if_unused=False, nowait=False): """Delete `exchange` and all its bindings.""" for rkey, _, queue in self.get_table(exchange): self.queue_delete(queue, if_unused=True, if_empty=True) self.state.exchanges.pop(exchange, None) def queue_declare(self, queue=None, passive=False, **kwargs): """Declare queue.""" queue = queue or 'amq.gen-%s' % uuid() if passive and not self._has_queue(queue, **kwargs): raise ChannelError( 'NOT_FOUND - no queue {0!r} in vhost {1!r}'.format( queue, self.connection.client.virtual_host or '/'), (50, 10), 'Channel.queue_declare', '404', ) else: self._new_queue(queue, **kwargs) return queue_declare_ok_t(queue, self._size(queue), 0) def queue_delete(self, queue, if_unused=False, if_empty=False, **kwargs): """Delete queue.""" if if_empty and self._size(queue): return for exchange, routing_key, args in self.state.queue_bindings(queue): meta = self.typeof(exchange).prepare_bind( queue, exchange, routing_key, args, ) self._delete(queue, exchange, *meta, **kwargs) self.state.queue_bindings_delete(queue) def after_reply_message_received(self, queue): self.queue_delete(queue) def exchange_bind(self, destination, source='', routing_key='', nowait=False, arguments=None): raise NotImplementedError('transport does not support exchange_bind') def exchange_unbind(self, destination, source='', routing_key='', nowait=False, arguments=None): raise NotImplementedError('transport does not support exchange_unbind') def queue_bind(self, queue, exchange=None, routing_key='', arguments=None, **kwargs): """Bind `queue` to `exchange` with `routing key`.""" exchange = exchange or 'amq.direct' if self.state.has_binding(queue, exchange, routing_key): return # Add binding: self.state.binding_declare(queue, exchange, routing_key, arguments) # Update exchange's routing table: table = self.state.exchanges[exchange].setdefault('table', []) meta = self.typeof(exchange).prepare_bind( queue, exchange, routing_key, arguments, ) table.append(meta) if self.supports_fanout: self._queue_bind(exchange, *meta) def queue_unbind(self, queue, exchange=None, routing_key='', arguments=None, **kwargs): # Remove queue binding: self.state.binding_delete(queue, exchange, routing_key) try: table = self.get_table(exchange) except KeyError: return binding_meta = self.typeof(exchange).prepare_bind( queue, exchange, routing_key, arguments, ) # TODO: the complexity of this operation is O(number of bindings). # Should be optimized. Modifying table in place. table[:] = [meta for meta in table if meta != binding_meta] def list_bindings(self): return ((queue, exchange, rkey) for exchange in self.state.exchanges for rkey, pattern, queue in self.get_table(exchange)) def queue_purge(self, queue, **kwargs): """Remove all ready messages from queue.""" return self._purge(queue) def _next_delivery_tag(self): return uuid() def basic_publish(self, message, exchange, routing_key, **kwargs): """Publish message.""" self._inplace_augment_message(message, exchange, routing_key) if exchange: return self.typeof(exchange).deliver( message, exchange, routing_key, **kwargs ) # anon exchange: routing_key is the destination queue return self._put(routing_key, message, **kwargs) def _inplace_augment_message(self, message, exchange, routing_key): message['body'], body_encoding = self.encode_body( message['body'], self.body_encoding, ) props = message['properties'] props.update( body_encoding=body_encoding, delivery_tag=self._next_delivery_tag(), ) props['delivery_info'].update( exchange=exchange, routing_key=routing_key, ) def basic_consume(self, queue, no_ack, callback, consumer_tag, **kwargs): """Consume from `queue`.""" self._tag_to_queue[consumer_tag] = queue self._active_queues.append(queue) def _callback(raw_message): message = self.Message(raw_message, channel=self) if not no_ack: self.qos.append(message, message.delivery_tag) return callback(message) self.connection._callbacks[queue] = _callback self._consumers.add(consumer_tag) self._reset_cycle() def basic_cancel(self, consumer_tag): """Cancel consumer by consumer tag.""" if consumer_tag in self._consumers: self._consumers.remove(consumer_tag) self._reset_cycle() queue = self._tag_to_queue.pop(consumer_tag, None) try: self._active_queues.remove(queue) except ValueError: pass self.connection._callbacks.pop(queue, None) def basic_get(self, queue, no_ack=False, **kwargs): """Get message by direct access (synchronous).""" try: message = self.Message(self._get(queue), channel=self) if not no_ack: self.qos.append(message, message.delivery_tag) return message except Empty: pass def basic_ack(self, delivery_tag, multiple=False): """Acknowledge message.""" self.qos.ack(delivery_tag) def basic_recover(self, requeue=False): """Recover unacked messages.""" if requeue: return self.qos.restore_unacked() raise NotImplementedError('Does not support recover(requeue=False)') def basic_reject(self, delivery_tag, requeue=False): """Reject message.""" self.qos.reject(delivery_tag, requeue=requeue) def basic_qos(self, prefetch_size=0, prefetch_count=0, apply_global=False): """Change QoS settings for this channel. Note: Only `prefetch_count` is supported. """ self.qos.prefetch_count = prefetch_count def get_exchanges(self): return list(self.state.exchanges) def get_table(self, exchange): """Get table of bindings for `exchange`.""" return self.state.exchanges[exchange]['table'] def typeof(self, exchange, default='direct'): """Get the exchange type instance for `exchange`.""" try: type = self.state.exchanges[exchange]['type'] except KeyError: type = default return self.exchange_types[type] def _lookup(self, exchange, routing_key, default=None): """Find all queues matching `routing_key` for the given `exchange`. Returns: str: queue name -- must return the string `default` if no queues matched. """ if default is None: default = self.deadletter_queue if not exchange: # anon exchange return [routing_key or default] try: R = self.typeof(exchange).lookup( self.get_table(exchange), exchange, routing_key, default, ) except KeyError: R = [] if not R and default is not None: warnings.warn(UndeliverableWarning(UNDELIVERABLE_FMT.format( exchange=exchange, routing_key=routing_key)), ) self._new_queue(default) R = [default] return R def _restore(self, message): """Redeliver message to its original destination.""" delivery_info = message.delivery_info message = message.serializable() message['redelivered'] = True for queue in self._lookup( delivery_info['exchange'], delivery_info['routing_key']): self._put(queue, message) def _restore_at_beginning(self, message): return self._restore(message) def drain_events(self, timeout=None, callback=None): callback = callback or self.connection._deliver if self._consumers and self.qos.can_consume(): if hasattr(self, '_get_many'): return self._get_many(self._active_queues, timeout=timeout) return self._poll(self.cycle, callback, timeout=timeout) raise Empty() def message_to_python(self, raw_message): """Convert raw message to :class:`Message` instance.""" if not isinstance(raw_message, self.Message): return self.Message(payload=raw_message, channel=self) return raw_message def prepare_message(self, body, priority=None, content_type=None, content_encoding=None, headers=None, properties=None): """Prepare message data.""" properties = properties or {} properties.setdefault('delivery_info', {}) properties.setdefault('priority', priority or self.default_priority) return {'body': body, 'content-encoding': content_encoding, 'content-type': content_type, 'headers': headers or {}, 'properties': properties or {}} def flow(self, active=True): """Enable/disable message flow. Raises: NotImplementedError: as flow is not implemented by the base virtual implementation. """ raise NotImplementedError('virtual channels do not support flow.') def close(self): """Close channel. Cancel all consumers, and requeue unacked messages. """ if not self.closed: self.closed = True for consumer in list(self._consumers): self.basic_cancel(consumer) if self._qos: self._qos.restore_unacked_once() if self._cycle is not None: self._cycle.close() self._cycle = None if self.connection is not None: self.connection.close_channel(self) self.exchange_types = None def encode_body(self, body, encoding=None): if encoding: return self.codecs.get(encoding).encode(body), encoding return body, encoding def decode_body(self, body, encoding=None): if encoding: return self.codecs.get(encoding).decode(body) return body def _reset_cycle(self): self._cycle = FairCycle( self._get_and_deliver, self._active_queues, Empty) def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, *exc_info): self.close() @property def state(self): """Broker state containing exchanges and bindings.""" return self.connection.state @property def qos(self): """:class:`QoS` manager for this channel.""" if self._qos is None: self._qos = self.QoS(self) return self._qos @property def cycle(self): if self._cycle is None: self._reset_cycle() return self._cycle def _get_message_priority(self, message, reverse=False): """Get priority from message. The value is limited to within a boundary of 0 to 9. Note: Higher value has more priority. """ try: priority = max( min(int(message['properties']['priority']), self.max_priority), self.min_priority, ) except (TypeError, ValueError, KeyError): priority = self.default_priority return (self.max_priority - priority) if reverse else priority class Management(base.Management): """Base class for the AMQP management API.""" def __init__(self, transport): super(Management, self).__init__(transport) self.channel = transport.client.channel() def get_bindings(self): return [dict(destination=q, source=e, routing_key=r) for q, e, r in self.channel.list_bindings()] def close(self): self.channel.close() class Transport(base.Transport): """Virtual transport. Arguments: client (kombu.Connection): The client this is a transport for. """ Channel = Channel Cycle = FairCycle Management = Management #: Global :class:`BrokerState` containing declared exchanges and bindings. state = BrokerState() #: :class:`~kombu.utils.scheduling.FairCycle` instance #: used to fairly drain events from channels (set by constructor). cycle = None #: port number used when no port is specified. default_port = None #: active channels. channels = None #: queue/callback map. _callbacks = None #: Time to sleep between unsuccessful polls. polling_interval = 1.0 #: Max number of channels channel_max = 65535 implements = base.Transport.implements.extend( async=False, exchange_type=frozenset(['direct', 'topic']), heartbeats=False, ) def __init__(self, client, **kwargs): self.client = client self.channels = [] self._avail_channels = [] self._callbacks = {} self.cycle = self.Cycle(self._drain_channel, self.channels, Empty) polling_interval = client.transport_options.get('polling_interval') if polling_interval is not None: self.polling_interval = polling_interval self._avail_channel_ids = array( ARRAY_TYPE_H, range(self.channel_max, 0, -1), ) def create_channel(self, connection): try: return self._avail_channels.pop() except IndexError: channel = self.Channel(connection) self.channels.append(channel) return channel def close_channel(self, channel): try: self._avail_channel_ids.append(channel.channel_id) try: self.channels.remove(channel) except ValueError: pass finally: channel.connection = None def establish_connection(self): # creates channel to verify connection. # this channel is then used as the next requested channel. # (returned by ``create_channel``). self._avail_channels.append(self.create_channel(self)) return self # for drain events def close_connection(self, connection): self.cycle.close() for l in self._avail_channels, self.channels: while l: try: channel = l.pop() except LookupError: # pragma: no cover pass else: channel.close() def drain_events(self, connection, timeout=None): time_start = monotonic() get = self.cycle.get polling_interval = self.polling_interval while 1: try: get(self._deliver, timeout=timeout) except Empty: if timeout is not None and monotonic() - time_start >= timeout: raise socket.timeout() if polling_interval is not None: sleep(polling_interval) else: break def _deliver(self, message, queue): if not queue: raise KeyError( 'Received message without destination queue: {0}'.format( message)) try: callback = self._callbacks[queue] except KeyError: logger.warn(W_NO_CONSUMERS, queue) self._reject_inbound_message(message) else: callback(message) def _reject_inbound_message(self, raw_message): for channel in self.channels: if channel: message = channel.Message(raw_message, channel=channel) channel.qos.append(message, message.delivery_tag) channel.basic_reject(message.delivery_tag, requeue=True) break def on_message_ready(self, channel, message, queue): if not queue or queue not in self._callbacks: raise KeyError( 'Message for queue {0!r} without consumers: {1}'.format( queue, message)) self._callbacks[queue](message) def _drain_channel(self, channel, callback, timeout=None): return channel.drain_events(callback=callback, timeout=timeout) @property def default_connection_params(self): return {'port': self.default_port, 'hostname': 'localhost'}