// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Metadata;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ActionConstraints;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters;
using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
using Resources = Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core.Resources;

namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A filter that specifies the supported request content types. <see cref="ContentTypes"/> is used to select an
    /// action when there would otherwise be multiple matches.
    /// </summary>
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = true)]
    public class ConsumesAttribute :
        Attribute,
        IResourceFilter,
        IConsumesActionConstraint,
        IApiRequestMetadataProvider,
        IAcceptsMetadata
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The order for consumes attribute.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>Defaults to 200</value>
        public static readonly int ConsumesActionConstraintOrder = 200;

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new instance of <see cref="ConsumesAttribute"/>.
        /// <param name="contentType">The request content type.</param>
        /// <param name="otherContentTypes">The additional list of allowed request content types.</param>
        /// </summary>
        public ConsumesAttribute(string contentType, params string[] otherContentTypes)
        {
            if (contentType == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(contentType));
            }

            // We want to ensure that the given provided content types are valid values, so
            // we validate them using the semantics of MediaTypeHeaderValue.
            MediaTypeHeaderValue.Parse(contentType);

            for (var i = 0; i < otherContentTypes.Length; i++)
            {
                MediaTypeHeaderValue.Parse(otherContentTypes[i]);
            }

            ContentTypes = GetContentTypes(contentType, otherContentTypes);
            _contentTypes = GetAllContentTypes(contentType, otherContentTypes);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new instance of <see cref="ConsumesAttribute"/>.
        /// <param name="requestType">The type being read from the request.</param>
        /// <param name="contentType">The request content type.</param>
        /// <param name="otherContentTypes">The additional list of allowed request content types.</param>
        /// </summary>
        public ConsumesAttribute(Type requestType, string contentType, params string[] otherContentTypes)
        {
            if (contentType == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(contentType));
            }

            // We want to ensure that the given provided content types are valid values, so
            // we validate them using the semantics of MediaTypeHeaderValue.
            MediaTypeHeaderValue.Parse(contentType);

            for (var i = 0; i < otherContentTypes.Length; i++)
            {
                MediaTypeHeaderValue.Parse(otherContentTypes[i]);
            }

            ContentTypes = GetContentTypes(contentType, otherContentTypes);
            _contentTypes = GetAllContentTypes(contentType, otherContentTypes);
            _requestType = requestType;

        }

        // The value used is a non default value so that it avoids getting mixed with other action constraints
        // with default order.
        /// <inheritdoc />
        int IActionConstraint.Order => ConsumesActionConstraintOrder;

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the supported request content types. Used to select an action when there would otherwise be
        /// multiple matches.
        /// </summary>
        public MediaTypeCollection ContentTypes { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets a value that determines if the request body is optional.
        /// This value is only used to specify if the request body is required in API explorer.
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsOptional { get; set; }

        readonly Type? _requestType;

        readonly List<string> _contentTypes = new();

        Type? IAcceptsMetadata.RequestType => _requestType;

        IReadOnlyList<string> IAcceptsMetadata.ContentTypes => _contentTypes;

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void OnResourceExecuting(ResourceExecutingContext context)
        {
            if (context == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(context));
            }

            // Only execute if the current filter is the one which is closest to the action.
            // Ignore all other filters. This is to ensure we have a overriding behavior.
            if (IsApplicable(context.ActionDescriptor))
            {
                var requestContentType = context.HttpContext.Request.ContentType;

                // Confirm the request's content type is more specific than a media type this action supports e.g. OK
                // if client sent "text/plain" data and this action supports "text/*".
                //
                // Requests without a content type do not return a 415. It is a common pattern to place [Consumes] on
                // a controller and have GET actions
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(requestContentType) && !IsSubsetOfAnyContentType(requestContentType))
                {
                    context.Result = new UnsupportedMediaTypeResult();
                }
            }
        }

        private bool IsSubsetOfAnyContentType(string requestMediaType)
        {
            var parsedRequestMediaType = new MediaType(requestMediaType);
            for (var i = 0; i < ContentTypes.Count; i++)
            {
                var contentTypeMediaType = new MediaType(ContentTypes[i]);
                if (parsedRequestMediaType.IsSubsetOf(contentTypeMediaType))
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void OnResourceExecuted(ResourceExecutedContext context)
        {
            if (context == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(context));
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public bool Accept(ActionConstraintContext context)
        {
            // If this constraint is not closest to the action, it will be skipped.
            if (!IsApplicable(context.CurrentCandidate.Action))
            {
                // Since the constraint is to be skipped, returning true here
                // will let the current candidate ignore this constraint and will
                // be selected based on other constraints for this action.
                return true;
            }

            var requestContentType = context.RouteContext.HttpContext.Request.ContentType;

            // If the request content type is null we need to act like pass through.
            // In case there is a single candidate with a constraint it should be selected.
            // If there are multiple actions with consumes action constraints this should result in ambiguous exception
            // unless there is another action without a consumes constraint.
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(requestContentType))
            {
                var isActionWithoutConsumeConstraintPresent = context.Candidates.Any(
                    candidate => candidate.Constraints == null ||
                    !candidate.Constraints.Any(constraint => constraint is IConsumesActionConstraint));

                return !isActionWithoutConsumeConstraintPresent;
            }

            // Confirm the request's content type is more specific than (a media type this action supports e.g. OK
            // if client sent "text/plain" data and this action supports "text/*".
            if (IsSubsetOfAnyContentType(requestContentType))
            {
                return true;
            }

            var firstCandidate = context.Candidates[0];
            if (firstCandidate.Action != context.CurrentCandidate.Action)
            {
                // If the current candidate is not same as the first candidate,
                // we need not probe other candidates to see if they apply.
                // Only the first candidate is allowed to probe other candidates and based on the result select itself.
                return false;
            }

            // Run the matching logic for all IConsumesActionConstraints we can find, and see what matches.
            // 1). If we have a unique best match, then only that constraint should return true.
            // 2). If we have multiple matches, then all constraints that match will return true
            // , resulting in ambiguity(maybe).
            // 3). If we have no matches, then we choose the first constraint to return true.It will later return a 415
            foreach (var candidate in context.Candidates)
            {
                if (candidate.Action == firstCandidate.Action)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                var tempContext = new ActionConstraintContext()
                {
                    Candidates = context.Candidates,
                    RouteContext = context.RouteContext,
                    CurrentCandidate = candidate
                };

                if (candidate.Constraints == null || candidate.Constraints.Count == 0 ||
                    candidate.Constraints.Any(constraint => constraint is IConsumesActionConstraint &&
                                                            constraint.Accept(tempContext)))
                {
                    // There is someone later in the chain which can handle the request.
                    // end the process here.
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // There is no one later in the chain that can handle this content type return a false positive so that
            // later we can detect and return a 415.
            return true;
        }

        private bool IsApplicable(ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor)
        {
            // If there are multiple IConsumeActionConstraints which are defined at the class and
            // at the action level, the one closest to the action overrides the others. To ensure this
            // we take advantage of the fact that ConsumesAttribute is both an IActionFilter and an
            // IConsumeActionConstraint. Since FilterDescriptor collection is ordered (the last filter is the one
            // closest to the action), we apply this constraint only if there is no IConsumeActionConstraint after this.
            return actionDescriptor.FilterDescriptors.Last(
                filter => filter.Filter is IConsumesActionConstraint).Filter == this;
        }

        private MediaTypeCollection GetContentTypes(string firstArg, string[] args)
        {
            var completeArgs = new List<string>(args.Length + 1);
            completeArgs.Add(firstArg);
            completeArgs.AddRange(args);
            var contentTypes = new MediaTypeCollection();
            foreach (var arg in completeArgs)
            {
                var mediaType = new MediaType(arg);
                if (mediaType.MatchesAllSubTypes ||
                    mediaType.MatchesAllTypes)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
                        Resources.FormatMatchAllContentTypeIsNotAllowed(arg));
                }

                contentTypes.Add(arg);
            }

            return contentTypes;
        }

        private static List<string> GetAllContentTypes(string contentType, string[] additionalContentTypes)
        {
            var allContentTypes = new List<string>()
            {
                contentType
            };
            allContentTypes.AddRange(additionalContentTypes);
            return allContentTypes;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void SetContentTypes(MediaTypeCollection contentTypes)
        {
            contentTypes.Clear();
            foreach (var contentType in ContentTypes)
            {
                contentTypes.Add(contentType);
            }
        }
    }
}
