// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;

namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.HostFiltering;

/// <summary>
/// A middleware used to filter requests by their Host header.
/// </summary>
public class HostFilteringMiddleware
{
    // Matches Http.Sys.
    private static readonly byte[] DefaultResponse = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(
        "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN\"\"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd\">\r\n"
        + "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Bad Request</TITLE>\r\n"
        + "<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"Content-Type\" Content=\"text/html; charset=us-ascii\"></ HEAD >\r\n"
        + "<BODY><h2>Bad Request - Invalid Hostname</h2>\r\n"
        + "<hr><p>HTTP Error 400. The request hostname is invalid.</p>\r\n"
        + "</BODY></HTML>");

    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
    private readonly ILogger<HostFilteringMiddleware> _logger;
    private readonly IOptionsMonitor<HostFilteringOptions> _optionsMonitor;
    private HostFilteringOptions _options;
    private IList<StringSegment>? _allowedHosts;
    private bool? _allowAnyNonEmptyHost;

    /// <summary>
    /// A middleware used to filter requests by their Host header.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="next"></param>
    /// <param name="logger"></param>
    /// <param name="optionsMonitor"></param>
    public HostFilteringMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<HostFilteringMiddleware> logger,
        IOptionsMonitor<HostFilteringOptions> optionsMonitor)
    {
        _next = next ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(next));
        _logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
        _optionsMonitor = optionsMonitor ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(optionsMonitor));
        _options = _optionsMonitor.CurrentValue;
        _optionsMonitor.OnChange(options =>
        {
            // Clear the cached settings so the next EnsureConfigured will re-evaluate.
            _options = options;
            _allowedHosts = new List<StringSegment>();
            _allowAnyNonEmptyHost = null;
        });
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Processes requests
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="context"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    {
        var allowedHosts = EnsureConfigured();

        if (!CheckHost(context, allowedHosts))
        {
            return HostValidationFailed(context);
        }

        return _next(context);
    }

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
    private IList<StringSegment> EnsureConfigured()
    {
        if (_allowAnyNonEmptyHost == true || _allowedHosts?.Count > 0)
        {
            Debug.Assert(_allowedHosts != null);
            return _allowedHosts;
        }

        return Configure();
    }

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
    private Task HostValidationFailed(HttpContext context)
    {
        context.Response.StatusCode = 400;
        if (_options.IncludeFailureMessage)
        {
            context.Response.ContentLength = DefaultResponse.Length;
            context.Response.ContentType = "text/html";
            return context.Response.Body.WriteAsync(DefaultResponse, 0, DefaultResponse.Length);
        }
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

    private IList<StringSegment> Configure()
    {
        var allowedHosts = new List<StringSegment>();
        if (_options.AllowedHosts?.Count > 0 && !TryProcessHosts(_options.AllowedHosts, allowedHosts))
        {
            _logger.WildcardDetected();
            _allowedHosts = allowedHosts;
            _allowAnyNonEmptyHost = true;
            return _allowedHosts;
        }

        if (allowedHosts.Count == 0)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("No allowed hosts were configured.");
        }

        if (_logger.IsEnabled(LogLevel.Debug))
        {
            _logger.AllowedHosts(string.Join("; ", allowedHosts));
        }

        _allowedHosts = allowedHosts;
        return _allowedHosts;
    }

    // returns false if any wildcards were found
    private static bool TryProcessHosts(IEnumerable<string> incoming, IList<StringSegment> results)
    {
        foreach (var entry in incoming)
        {
            // Punycode. Http.Sys requires you to register Unicode hosts, but the headers contain punycode.
            var host = new HostString(entry).ToUriComponent();

            if (IsTopLevelWildcard(host))
            {
                // Disable filtering
                return false;
            }

            if (!results.Contains(host, StringSegmentComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                results.Add(host);
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    private static bool IsTopLevelWildcard(string host)
    {
        return (string.Equals("*", host, StringComparison.Ordinal) // HttpSys wildcard
                       || string.Equals("[::]", host, StringComparison.Ordinal) // Kestrel wildcard, IPv6 Any
                       || string.Equals("0.0.0.0", host, StringComparison.Ordinal)); // IPv4 Any
    }

    // This does not duplicate format validations that are expected to be performed by the host.
    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
    private bool CheckHost(HttpContext context, IList<StringSegment> allowedHosts)
    {
        var host = context.Request.Headers.Host.ToString();

        if (host.Length == 0)
        {
            return IsEmptyHostAllowed(context);
        }

        if (_allowAnyNonEmptyHost == true)
        {
            _logger.AllHostsAllowed();
            return true;
        }

        return CheckHostInAllowList(allowedHosts, host);
    }

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
    private bool CheckHostInAllowList(IList<StringSegment> allowedHosts, string host)
    {
        if (HostString.MatchesAny(new StringSegment(host), allowedHosts))
        {
            _logger.AllowedHostMatched(host);
            return true;
        }

        _logger.NoAllowedHostMatched(host);
        return false;
    }

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
    private bool IsEmptyHostAllowed(HttpContext context)
    {
        // Http/1.0 does not require the host header.
        // Http/1.1 requires the header but the value may be empty.
        if (!_options.AllowEmptyHosts)
        {
            _logger.RequestRejectedMissingHost(context.Request.Protocol);
            return false;
        }
        _logger.RequestAllowedMissingHost(context.Request.Protocol);
        return true;
    }
}
