""" kombu.transport.qpid ======================= `Qpid`_ transport using `qpid-python`_ as the client and `qpid-tools`_ for broker management. The use this transport you must install the necessary dependencies. These dependencies are available via PyPI and can be installed using the pip command: .. code-block:: console $ pip install kombu[qpid] or to install the requirements manually: .. code-block:: console $ pip install qpid-tools qpid-python .. admonition:: Python 3 and PyPy Limitations The Qpid transport does not support Python 3 or PyPy environments due to underlying dependencies not being compatible. This version is tested and works with with Python 2.7. .. _`Qpid`: http://qpid.apache.org/ .. _`qpid-python`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/qpid-python/ .. _`qpid-tools`: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/qpid-tools/ Authentication ============== This transport supports SASL authentication with the Qpid broker. Normally, SASL mechanisms are negotiated from a client list and a server list of possible mechanisms, but in practice, different SASL client libraries give different behaviors. These different behaviors cause the expected SASL mechanism to not be selected in many cases. As such, this transport restricts the mechanism types based on Kombu's configuration according to the following table. +------------------------------------+--------------------+ | **Broker String** | **SASL Mechanism** | +------------------------------------+--------------------+ | qpid://hostname/ | ANONYMOUS | +------------------------------------+--------------------+ | qpid://username:password@hostname/ | PLAIN | +------------------------------------+--------------------+ | see instructions below | EXTERNAL | +------------------------------------+--------------------+ The user can override the above SASL selection behaviors and specify the SASL string using the :attr:`~kombu.Connection.login_method` argument to the :class:`~kombu.Connection` object. The string can be a single SASL mechanism or a space separated list of SASL mechanisms. If you are using Celery with Kombu, this can be accomplished by setting the *BROKER_LOGIN_METHOD* Celery option. .. note:: While using SSL, Qpid users may want to override the SASL mechanism to use *EXTERNAL*. In that case, Qpid requires a username to be presented that matches the *CN* of the SSL client certificate. Ensure that the broker string contains the corresponding username. For example, if the client certificate has *CN=asdf* and the client connects to *example.com* on port 5671, the broker string should be: **qpid://asdf@example.com:5671/** Transport Options ================= The :attr:`~kombu.Connection.transport_options` argument to the :class:`~kombu.Connection` object are passed directly to the :class:`qpid.messaging.endpoints.Connection` as keyword arguments. These options override and replace any other default or specified values. If using Celery, this can be accomplished by setting the *BROKER_TRANSPORT_OPTIONS* Celery option. """ from __future__ import absolute_import import os import select import socket import ssl import sys import time import uuid from gettext import gettext as _ import amqp.protocol try: import fcntl except ImportError: fcntl = None # noqa try: import qpidtoollibs except ImportError: # pragma: no cover qpidtoollibs = None # noqa try: from qpid.messaging.exceptions import ConnectionError, NotFound from qpid.messaging.exceptions import Empty as QpidEmpty from qpid.messaging.exceptions import SessionClosed except ImportError: # pragma: no cover ConnectionError = None NotFound = None QpidEmpty = None SessionClosed = None try: import qpid except ImportError: # pragma: no cover qpid = None from kombu.five import Empty, items from kombu.log import get_logger from kombu.transport.virtual import Base64, Message from kombu.transport import base from kombu.utils.compat import OrderedDict logger = get_logger(__name__) OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS_STRING = 'object already exists' VERSION = (1, 0, 0) __version__ = '.'.join(map(str, VERSION)) PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3 def dependency_is_none(dependency): """Return True if the dependency is None, otherwise False. This is done using a function so that tests can mock this behavior easily. :param dependency: The module to check if it is None :return: True if dependency is None otherwise False. """ return dependency is None class AuthenticationFailure(Exception): pass class QoS(object): """A helper object for message prefetch and ACKing purposes. :keyword prefetch_count: Initial prefetch count, hard set to 1. :type prefetch_count: int NOTE: prefetch_count is currently hard set to 1, and needs to be improved This object is instantiated 1-for-1 with a :class:`~.kombu.transport.qpid.Channel` instance. QoS allows ``prefetch_count`` to be set to the number of outstanding messages the corresponding :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Channel` should be allowed to prefetch. Setting ``prefetch_count`` to 0 disables prefetch limits, and the object can hold an arbitrary number of messages. Messages are added using :meth:`append`, which are held until they are ACKed asynchronously through a call to :meth:`ack`. Messages that are received, but not ACKed will not be delivered by the broker to another consumer until an ACK is received, or the session is closed. Messages are referred to using delivery_tag, which are unique per :class:`Channel`. Delivery tags are managed outside of this object and are passed in with a message to :meth:`append`. Un-ACKed messages can be looked up from QoS using :meth:`get` and can be rejected and forgotten using :meth:`reject`. """ def __init__(self, session, prefetch_count=1): self.session = session self.prefetch_count = 1 self._not_yet_acked = OrderedDict() def can_consume(self): """Return True if the :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Channel` can consume more messages, else False. Used to ensure the client adheres to currently active prefetch limits. :returns: True, if this QoS object can accept more messages without violating the prefetch_count. If prefetch_count is 0, can_consume will always return True. :rtype: bool """ return ( not self.prefetch_count or len(self._not_yet_acked) < self.prefetch_count ) def can_consume_max_estimate(self): """Return the remaining message capacity for the associated :class:`kombu.transport.qpid.Channel`. Returns an estimated number of outstanding messages that a :class:`kombu.transport.qpid.Channel` can accept without exceeding ``prefetch_count``. If ``prefetch_count`` is 0, then this method returns 1. :returns: The number of estimated messages that can be fetched without violating the prefetch_count. :rtype: int """ return 1 if not self.prefetch_count else ( self.prefetch_count - len(self._not_yet_acked) ) def append(self, message, delivery_tag): """Append message to the list of un-ACKed messages. Add a message, referenced by the delivery_tag, for ACKing, rejecting, or getting later. Messages are saved into an :class:`collections.OrderedDict` by delivery_tag. :param message: A received message that has not yet been ACKed. :type message: qpid.messaging.Message :param delivery_tag: A UUID to refer to this message by upon receipt. :type delivery_tag: uuid.UUID """ self._not_yet_acked[delivery_tag] = message def get(self, delivery_tag): """Get an un-ACKed message by delivery_tag. If called with an invalid delivery_tag a :exc:`KeyError` is raised. :param delivery_tag: The delivery tag associated with the message to be returned. :type delivery_tag: uuid.UUID :return: An un-ACKed message that is looked up by delivery_tag. :rtype: qpid.messaging.Message """ return self._not_yet_acked[delivery_tag] def ack(self, delivery_tag): """Acknowledge a message by delivery_tag. Called asynchronously once the message has been handled and can be forgotten by the broker. :param delivery_tag: the delivery tag associated with the message to be acknowledged. :type delivery_tag: uuid.UUID """ message = self._not_yet_acked.pop(delivery_tag) self.session.acknowledge(message=message) def reject(self, delivery_tag, requeue=False): """Reject a message by delivery_tag. Explicitly notify the broker that the channel associated with this QoS object is rejecting the message that was previously delivered. If requeue is False, then the message is not requeued for delivery to another consumer. If requeue is True, then the message is requeued for delivery to another consumer. :param delivery_tag: The delivery tag associated with the message to be rejected. :type delivery_tag: uuid.UUID :keyword requeue: If True, the broker will be notified to requeue the message. If False, the broker will be told to drop the message entirely. In both cases, the message will be removed from this object. :type requeue: bool """ message = self._not_yet_acked.pop(delivery_tag) QpidDisposition = qpid.messaging.Disposition if requeue: disposition = QpidDisposition(qpid.messaging.RELEASED) else: disposition = QpidDisposition(qpid.messaging.REJECTED) self.session.acknowledge(message=message, disposition=disposition) class Channel(base.StdChannel): """Supports broker configuration and messaging send and receive. :param connection: A Connection object that this Channel can reference. Currently only used to access callbacks. :type connection: kombu.transport.qpid.Connection :param transport: The Transport this Channel is associated with. :type transport: kombu.transport.qpid.Transport A channel object is designed to have method-parity with a Channel as defined in AMQP 0-10 and earlier, which allows for the following broker actions: - exchange declare and delete - queue declare and delete - queue bind and unbind operations - queue length and purge operations - sending/receiving/rejecting messages - structuring, encoding, and decoding messages - supports synchronous and asynchronous reads - reading state about the exchange, queues, and bindings Channels are designed to all share a single TCP connection with a broker, but provide a level of isolated communication with the broker while benefiting from a shared TCP connection. The Channel is given its :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Connection` object by the :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport` that instantiates the channel. This channel inherits from :class:`~kombu.transport.base.StdChannel`, which makes this a 'native' channel versus a 'virtual' channel which would inherit from :class:`kombu.transports.virtual`. Messages sent using this channel are assigned a delivery_tag. The delivery_tag is generated for a message as they are prepared for sending by :meth:`basic_publish`. The delivery_tag is unique per channel instance. The delivery_tag has no meaningful context in other objects, and is only maintained in the memory of this object, and the underlying :class:`QoS` object that provides support. Each channel object instantiates exactly one :class:`QoS` object for prefetch limiting, and asynchronous ACKing. The :class:`QoS` object is lazily instantiated through a property method :meth:`qos`. The :class:`QoS` object is a supporting object that should not be accessed directly except by the channel itself. Synchronous reads on a queue are done using a call to :meth:`basic_get` which uses :meth:`_get` to perform the reading. These methods read immediately and do not accept any form of timeout. :meth:`basic_get` reads synchronously and ACKs messages before returning them. ACKing is done in all cases, because an application that reads messages using qpid.messaging, but does not ACK them will experience a memory leak. The no_ack argument to :meth:`basic_get` does not affect ACKing functionality. Asynchronous reads on a queue are done by starting a consumer using :meth:`basic_consume`. Each call to :meth:`basic_consume` will cause a :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver` to be created on the :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Session` started by the :class: `Transport`. The receiver will asynchronously read using qpid.messaging, and prefetch messages before the call to :meth:`Transport.basic_drain` occurs. The prefetch_count value of the :class:`QoS` object is the capacity value of the new receiver. The new receiver capacity must always be at least 1, otherwise none of the receivers will appear to be ready for reading, and will never be read from. Each call to :meth:`basic_consume` creates a consumer, which is given a consumer tag that is identified by the caller of :meth:`basic_consume`. Already started consumers can be cancelled using by their consumer_tag using :meth:`basic_cancel`. Cancellation of a consumer causes the :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver` object to be closed. Asynchronous message ACKing is supported through :meth:`basic_ack`, and is referenced by delivery_tag. The Channel object uses its :class:`QoS` object to perform the message ACKing. """ #: A class reference that will be instantiated using the qos property. QoS = QoS #: A class reference that identifies # :class:`~kombu.transport.virtual.Message` as the message class type Message = Message #: Default body encoding. #: NOTE: ``transport_options['body_encoding']`` will override this value. body_encoding = 'base64' #: Binary <-> ASCII codecs. codecs = {'base64': Base64()} def __init__(self, connection, transport): self.connection = connection self.transport = transport qpid_connection = connection.get_qpid_connection() self._broker = qpidtoollibs.BrokerAgent(qpid_connection) self.closed = False self._tag_to_queue = {} self._receivers = {} self._qos = None def _get(self, queue): """Non-blocking, single-message read from a queue. An internal method to perform a non-blocking, single-message read from a queue by name. This method creates a :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver` to read from the queue using the :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Session` saved on the associated :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport`. The receiver is closed before the method exits. If a message is available, a :class:`qpid.messaging.Message` object is returned. If no message is available, a :class:`qpid.messaging.exceptions.Empty` exception is raised. This is an internal method. External calls for get functionality should be done using :meth:`basic_get`. :param queue: The queue name to get the message from :type queue: str :return: The received message. :rtype: :class:`qpid.messaging.Message` :raises: :class:`qpid.messaging.exceptions.Empty` if no message is available. """ rx = self.transport.session.receiver(queue) try: message = rx.fetch(timeout=0) finally: rx.close() return message def _put(self, routing_key, message, exchange=None, **kwargs): """Synchronous send of a single message onto a queue or exchange. An internal method which synchronously sends a single message onto a given queue or exchange. If exchange is not specified, the message is sent directly to a queue specified by routing_key. If no queue is found by the name of routing_key while exchange is not specified an exception is raised. If an exchange is specified, then the message is delivered onto the requested exchange using routing_key. Message sending is synchronous using sync=True because large messages in kombu funtests were not being fully sent before the receiver closed. This method creates a :class:`qpid.messaging.endpoints.Sender` to send the message to the queue using the :class:`qpid.messaging.endpoints.Session` created and referenced by the associated :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport`. The sender is closed before the method exits. External calls for put functionality should be done using :meth:`basic_publish`. :param routing_key: If exchange is None, treated as the queue name to send the message to. If exchange is not None, treated as the routing_key to use as the message is submitted onto the exchange. :type routing_key: str :param message: The message to be sent as prepared by :meth:`basic_publish`. :type message: dict :keyword exchange: keyword parameter of the exchange this message should be sent on. If no exchange is specified, the message is sent directly to a queue specified by routing_key. :type exchange: str """ if not exchange: address = '%s; {assert: always, node: {type: queue}}' % ( routing_key,) msg_subject = None else: address = '%s/%s; {assert: always, node: {type: topic}}' % ( exchange, routing_key) msg_subject = str(routing_key) sender = self.transport.session.sender(address) qpid_message = qpid.messaging.Message(content=message, subject=msg_subject) try: sender.send(qpid_message, sync=True) finally: sender.close() def _purge(self, queue): """Purge all undelivered messages from a queue specified by name. An internal method to purge all undelivered messages from a queue specified by name. If the queue does not exist a :class:`qpid.messaging.exceptions.NotFound` exception is raised. The queue message depth is first checked, and then the broker is asked to purge that number of messages. The integer number of messages requested to be purged is returned. The actual number of messages purged may be different than the requested number of messages to purge (see below). Sometimes delivered messages are asked to be purged, but are not. This case fails silently, which is the correct behavior when a message that has been delivered to a different consumer, who has not ACKed the message, and still has an active session with the broker. Messages in that case are not safe for purging and will be retained by the broker. The client is unable to change this delivery behavior. This is an internal method. External calls for purge functionality should be done using :meth:`queue_purge`. :param queue: the name of the queue to be purged :type queue: str :return: The number of messages requested to be purged. :rtype: int :raises: :class:`qpid.messaging.exceptions.NotFound` if the queue being purged cannot be found. """ queue_to_purge = self._broker.getQueue(queue) if queue_to_purge is None: error_text = "NOT_FOUND - no queue '{0}'".format(queue) raise NotFound(code=404, text=error_text) message_count = queue_to_purge.values['msgDepth'] if message_count > 0: queue_to_purge.purge(message_count) return message_count def _size(self, queue): """Get the number of messages in a queue specified by name. An internal method to return the number of messages in a queue specified by name. It returns an integer count of the number of messages currently in the queue. :param queue: The name of the queue to be inspected for the number of messages :type queue: str :return the number of messages in the queue specified by name. :rtype: int """ queue_to_check = self._broker.getQueue(queue) message_depth = queue_to_check.values['msgDepth'] return message_depth def _delete(self, queue, *args, **kwargs): """Delete a queue and all messages on that queue. An internal method to delete a queue specified by name and all the messages on it. First, all messages are purged from a queue using a call to :meth:`_purge`. Second, the broker is asked to delete the queue. This is an internal method. External calls for queue delete functionality should be done using :meth:`queue_delete`. :param queue: The name of the queue to be deleted. :type queue: str """ self._purge(queue) self._broker.delQueue(queue) def _has_queue(self, queue, **kwargs): """Determine if the broker has a queue specified by name. :param queue: The queue name to check if the queue exists. :type queue: str :return: True if a queue exists on the broker, and false otherwise. :rtype: bool """ if self._broker.getQueue(queue): return True else: return False def queue_declare(self, queue, passive=False, durable=False, exclusive=False, auto_delete=True, nowait=False, arguments=None): """Create a new queue specified by name. If the queue already exists, no change is made to the queue, and the return value returns information about the existing queue. The queue name is required and specified as the first argument. If passive is True, the server will not create the queue. The client can use this to check whether a queue exists without modifying the server state. Default is False. If durable is True, the queue will be durable. Durable queues remain active when a server restarts. Non-durable queues ( transient queues) are purged if/when a server restarts. Note that durable queues do not necessarily hold persistent messages, although it does not make sense to send persistent messages to a transient queue. Default is False. If exclusive is True, the queue will be exclusive. Exclusive queues may only be consumed by the current connection. Setting the 'exclusive' flag always implies 'auto-delete'. Default is False. If auto_delete is True, the queue is deleted when all consumers have finished using it. The last consumer can be cancelled either explicitly or because its channel is closed. If there was no consumer ever on the queue, it won't be deleted. Default is True. The nowait parameter is unused. It was part of the 0-9-1 protocol, but this AMQP client implements 0-10 which removed the nowait option. The arguments parameter is a set of arguments for the declaration of the queue. Arguments are passed as a dict or None. This field is ignored if passive is True. Default is None. This method returns a :class:`~collections.namedtuple` with the name 'queue_declare_ok_t' and the queue name as 'queue', message count on the queue as 'message_count', and the number of active consumers as 'consumer_count'. The named tuple values are ordered as queue, message_count, and consumer_count respectively. Due to Celery's non-ACKing of events, a ring policy is set on any queue that starts with the string 'celeryev' or ends with the string 'pidbox'. These are celery event queues, and Celery does not ack them, causing the messages to build-up. Eventually Qpid stops serving messages unless the 'ring' policy is set, at which point the buffer backing the queue becomes circular. :param queue: The name of the queue to be created. :type queue: str :param passive: If True, the sever will not create the queue. :type passive: bool :param durable: If True, the queue will be durable. :type durable: bool :param exclusive: If True, the queue will be exclusive. :type exclusive: bool :param auto_delete: If True, the queue is deleted when all consumers have finished using it. :type auto_delete: bool :param nowait: This parameter is unused since the 0-10 specification does not include it. :type nowait: bool :param arguments: A set of arguments for the declaration of the queue. :type arguments: dict or None :return: A named tuple representing the declared queue as a named tuple. The tuple values are ordered as queue, message count, and the active consumer count. :rtype: :class:`~collections.namedtuple` """ options = {'passive': passive, 'durable': durable, 'exclusive': exclusive, 'auto-delete': auto_delete, 'arguments': arguments} if queue.startswith('celeryev') or queue.endswith('pidbox'): options['qpid.policy_type'] = 'ring' try: self._broker.addQueue(queue, options=options) except Exception as exc: if OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS_STRING not in str(exc): raise exc queue_to_check = self._broker.getQueue(queue) message_count = queue_to_check.values['msgDepth'] consumer_count = queue_to_check.values['consumerCount'] return amqp.protocol.queue_declare_ok_t(queue, message_count, consumer_count) def queue_delete(self, queue, if_unused=False, if_empty=False, **kwargs): """Delete a queue by name. Delete a queue specified by name. Using the if_unused keyword argument, the delete can only occur if there are 0 consumers bound to it. Using the if_empty keyword argument, the delete can only occur if there are 0 messages in the queue. :param queue: The name of the queue to be deleted. :type queue: str :keyword if_unused: If True, delete only if the queue has 0 consumers. If False, delete a queue even with consumers bound to it. :type if_unused: bool :keyword if_empty: If True, only delete the queue if it is empty. If False, delete the queue if it is empty or not. :type if_empty: bool """ if self._has_queue(queue): if if_empty and self._size(queue): return queue_obj = self._broker.getQueue(queue) consumer_count = queue_obj.getAttributes()['consumerCount'] if if_unused and consumer_count > 0: return self._delete(queue) def exchange_declare(self, exchange='', type='direct', durable=False, **kwargs): """Create a new exchange. Create an exchange of a specific type, and optionally have the exchange be durable. If an exchange of the requested name already exists, no action is taken and no exceptions are raised. Durable exchanges will survive a broker restart, non-durable exchanges will not. Exchanges provide behaviors based on their type. The expected behaviors are those defined in the AMQP 0-10 and prior specifications including 'direct', 'topic', and 'fanout' functionality. :keyword type: The exchange type. Valid values include 'direct', 'topic', and 'fanout'. :type type: str :keyword exchange: The name of the exchange to be created. If no exchange is specified, then a blank string will be used as the name. :type exchange: str :keyword durable: True if the exchange should be durable, or False otherwise. :type durable: bool """ options = {'durable': durable} try: self._broker.addExchange(type, exchange, options) except Exception as exc: if OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS_STRING not in str(exc): raise exc def exchange_delete(self, exchange_name, **kwargs): """Delete an exchange specified by name :param exchange_name: The name of the exchange to be deleted. :type exchange_name: str """ self._broker.delExchange(exchange_name) def queue_bind(self, queue, exchange, routing_key, **kwargs): """Bind a queue to an exchange with a bind key. Bind a queue specified by name, to an exchange specified by name, with a specific bind key. The queue and exchange must already exist on the broker for the bind to complete successfully. Queues may be bound to exchanges multiple times with different keys. :param queue: The name of the queue to be bound. :type queue: str :param exchange: The name of the exchange that the queue should be bound to. :type exchange: str :param routing_key: The bind key that the specified queue should bind to the specified exchange with. :type routing_key: str """ self._broker.bind(exchange, queue, routing_key) def queue_unbind(self, queue, exchange, routing_key, **kwargs): """Unbind a queue from an exchange with a given bind key. Unbind a queue specified by name, from an exchange specified by name, that is already bound with a bind key. The queue and exchange must already exist on the broker, and bound with the bind key for the operation to complete successfully. Queues may be bound to exchanges multiple times with different keys, thus the bind key is a required field to unbind in an explicit way. :param queue: The name of the queue to be unbound. :type queue: str :param exchange: The name of the exchange that the queue should be unbound from. :type exchange: str :param routing_key: The existing bind key between the specified queue and a specified exchange that should be unbound. :type routing_key: str """ self._broker.unbind(exchange, queue, routing_key) def queue_purge(self, queue, **kwargs): """Remove all undelivered messages from queue. Purge all undelivered messages from a queue specified by name. If the queue does not exist an exception is raised. The queue message depth is first checked, and then the broker is asked to purge that number of messages. The integer number of messages requested to be purged is returned. The actual number of messages purged may be different than the requested number of messages to purge. Sometimes delivered messages are asked to be purged, but are not. This case fails silently, which is the correct behavior when a message that has been delivered to a different consumer, who has not ACKed the message, and still has an active session with the broker. Messages in that case are not safe for purging and will be retained by the broker. The client is unable to change this delivery behavior. Internally, this method relies on :meth:`_purge`. :param queue: The name of the queue which should have all messages removed. :type queue: str :return: The number of messages requested to be purged. :rtype: int :raises: :class:`qpid.messaging.exceptions.NotFound` if the queue being purged cannot be found. """ return self._purge(queue) def basic_get(self, queue, no_ack=False, **kwargs): """Non-blocking single message get and ACK from a queue by name. Internally this method uses :meth:`_get` to fetch the message. If an :class:`~qpid.messaging.exceptions.Empty` exception is raised by :meth:`_get`, this method silences it and returns None. If :meth:`_get` does return a message, that message is ACKed. The no_ack parameter has no effect on ACKing behavior, and all messages are ACKed in all cases. This method never adds fetched Messages to the internal QoS object for asynchronous ACKing. This method converts the object type of the method as it passes through. Fetching from the broker, :meth:`_get` returns a :class:`qpid.messaging.Message`, but this method takes the payload of the :class:`qpid.messaging.Message` and instantiates a :class:`~kombu.transport.virtual.Message` object with the payload based on the class setting of self.Message. :param queue: The queue name to fetch a message from. :type queue: str :keyword no_ack: The no_ack parameter has no effect on the ACK behavior of this method. Un-ACKed messages create a memory leak in qpid.messaging, and need to be ACKed in all cases. :type noack: bool :return: The received message. :rtype: :class:`~kombu.transport.virtual.Message` """ try: qpid_message = self._get(queue) raw_message = qpid_message.content message = self.Message(self, raw_message) self.transport.session.acknowledge(message=qpid_message) return message except Empty: pass def basic_ack(self, delivery_tag): """Acknowledge a message by delivery_tag. Acknowledges a message referenced by delivery_tag. Messages can only be ACKed using :meth:`basic_ack` if they were acquired using :meth:`basic_consume`. This is the ACKing portion of the asynchronous read behavior. Internally, this method uses the :class:`QoS` object, which stores messages and is responsible for the ACKing. :param delivery_tag: The delivery tag associated with the message to be acknowledged. :type delivery_tag: uuid.UUID """ self.qos.ack(delivery_tag) def basic_reject(self, delivery_tag, requeue=False): """Reject a message by delivery_tag. Rejects a message that has been received by the Channel, but not yet acknowledged. Messages are referenced by their delivery_tag. If requeue is False, the rejected message will be dropped by the broker and not delivered to any other consumers. If requeue is True, then the rejected message will be requeued for delivery to another consumer, potentially to the same consumer who rejected the message previously. :param delivery_tag: The delivery tag associated with the message to be rejected. :type delivery_tag: uuid.UUID :keyword requeue: If False, the rejected message will be dropped by the broker and not delivered to any other consumers. If True, then the rejected message will be requeued for delivery to another consumer, potentially to the same consumer who rejected the message previously. :type requeue: bool """ self.qos.reject(delivery_tag, requeue=requeue) def basic_consume(self, queue, no_ack, callback, consumer_tag, **kwargs): """Start an asynchronous consumer that reads from a queue. This method starts a consumer of type :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver` using the :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Session` created and referenced by the :class:`Transport` that reads messages from a queue specified by name until stopped by a call to :meth:`basic_cancel`. Messages are available later through a synchronous call to :meth:`Transport.drain_events`, which will drain from the consumer started by this method. :meth:`Transport.drain_events` is synchronous, but the receiving of messages over the network occurs asynchronously, so it should still perform well. :meth:`Transport.drain_events` calls the callback provided here with the Message of type self.Message. Each consumer is referenced by a consumer_tag, which is provided by the caller of this method. This method sets up the callback onto the self.connection object in a dict keyed by queue name. :meth:`~Transport.drain_events` is responsible for calling that callback upon message receipt. All messages that are received are added to the QoS object to be saved for asynchronous ACKing later after the message has been handled by the caller of :meth:`~Transport.drain_events`. Messages can be ACKed after being received through a call to :meth:`basic_ack`. If no_ack is True, The no_ack flag indicates that the receiver of the message will not call :meth:`basic_ack` later. Since the message will not be ACKed later, it is ACKed immediately. :meth:`basic_consume` transforms the message object type prior to calling the callback. Initially the message comes in as a :class:`qpid.messaging.Message`. This method unpacks the payload of the :class:`qpid.messaging.Message` and creates a new object of type self.Message. This method wraps the user delivered callback in a runtime-built function which provides the type transformation from :class:`qpid.messaging.Message` to :class:`~kombu.transport.virtual.Message`, and adds the message to the associated :class:`QoS` object for asynchronous ACKing if necessary. :param queue: The name of the queue to consume messages from :type queue: str :param no_ack: If True, then messages will not be saved for ACKing later, but will be ACKed immediately. If False, then messages will be saved for ACKing later with a call to :meth:`basic_ack`. :type no_ack: bool :param callback: a callable that will be called when messages arrive on the queue. :type callback: a callable object :param consumer_tag: a tag to reference the created consumer by. This consumer_tag is needed to cancel the consumer. :type consumer_tag: an immutable object """ self._tag_to_queue[consumer_tag] = queue def _callback(qpid_message): raw_message = qpid_message.content message = self.Message(self, raw_message) delivery_tag = message.delivery_tag self.qos.append(qpid_message, delivery_tag) if no_ack: # Celery will not ack this message later, so we should ack now self.basic_ack(delivery_tag) return callback(message) self.connection._callbacks[queue] = _callback new_receiver = self.transport.session.receiver(queue) new_receiver.capacity = self.qos.prefetch_count self._receivers[consumer_tag] = new_receiver def basic_cancel(self, consumer_tag): """Cancel consumer by consumer tag. Request the consumer stops reading messages from its queue. The consumer is a :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver`, and it is closed using :meth:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver.close`. This method also cleans up all lingering references of the consumer. :param consumer_tag: The tag which refers to the consumer to be cancelled. Originally specified when the consumer was created as a parameter to :meth:`basic_consume`. :type consumer_tag: an immutable object """ if consumer_tag in self._receivers: receiver = self._receivers.pop(consumer_tag) receiver.close() queue = self._tag_to_queue.pop(consumer_tag, None) self.connection._callbacks.pop(queue, None) def close(self): """Cancel all associated messages and close the Channel. This cancels all consumers by calling :meth:`basic_cancel` for each known consumer_tag. It also closes the self._broker sessions. Closing the sessions implicitly causes all outstanding, un-ACKed messages to be considered undelivered by the broker. """ if not self.closed: self.closed = True for consumer_tag in self._receivers.keys(): self.basic_cancel(consumer_tag) if self.connection is not None: self.connection.close_channel(self) self._broker.close() @property def qos(self): """:class:`QoS` manager for this channel. Lazily instantiates an object of type :class:`QoS` upon access to the self.qos attribute. :return: An already existing, or newly created QoS object :rtype: :class:`QoS` """ if self._qos is None: self._qos = self.QoS(self.transport.session) return self._qos def basic_qos(self, prefetch_count, *args): """Change :class:`QoS` settings for this Channel. Set the number of un-acknowledged messages this Channel can fetch and hold. The prefetch_value is also used as the capacity for any new :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver` objects. Currently, this value is hard coded to 1. :param prefetch_count: Not used. This method is hard-coded to 1. :type prefetch_count: int """ self.qos.prefetch_count = 1 def prepare_message(self, body, priority=None, content_type=None, content_encoding=None, headers=None, properties=None): """Prepare message data for sending. This message is typically called by :meth:`kombu.messaging.Producer._publish` as a preparation step in message publication. :param body: The body of the message :type body: str :keyword priority: A number between 0 and 9 that sets the priority of the message. :type priority: int :keyword content_type: The content_type the message body should be treated as. If this is unset, the :class:`qpid.messaging.endpoints.Sender` object tries to autodetect the content_type from the body. :type content_type: str :keyword content_encoding: The content_encoding the message body is encoded as. :type content_encoding: str :keyword headers: Additional Message headers that should be set. Passed in as a key-value pair. :type headers: dict :keyword properties: Message properties to be set on the message. :type properties: dict :return: Returns a dict object that encapsulates message attributes. See parameters for more details on attributes that can be set. :rtype: dict """ properties = properties or {} info = properties.setdefault('delivery_info', {}) info['priority'] = priority or 0 return {'body': body, 'content-encoding': content_encoding, 'content-type': content_type, 'headers': headers or {}, 'properties': properties or {}} def basic_publish(self, message, exchange, routing_key, **kwargs): """Publish message onto an exchange using a routing key. Publish a message onto an exchange specified by name using a routing key specified by routing_key. Prepares the message in the following ways before sending: - encodes the body using :meth:`encode_body` - wraps the body as a buffer object, so that :class:`qpid.messaging.endpoints.Sender` uses a content type that can support arbitrarily large messages. - sets delivery_tag to a random uuid.UUID - sets the exchange and routing_key info as delivery_info Internally uses :meth:`_put` to send the message synchronously. This message is typically called by :class:`kombu.messaging.Producer._publish` as the final step in message publication. :param message: A dict containing key value pairs with the message data. A valid message dict can be generated using the :meth:`prepare_message` method. :type message: dict :param exchange: The name of the exchange to submit this message onto. :type exchange: str :param routing_key: The routing key to be used as the message is submitted onto the exchange. :type routing_key: str """ message['body'], body_encoding = self.encode_body( message['body'], self.body_encoding, ) message['body'] = buffer(message['body']) props = message['properties'] props.update( body_encoding=body_encoding, delivery_tag=uuid.uuid4(), ) props['delivery_info'].update( exchange=exchange, routing_key=routing_key, ) self._put(routing_key, message, exchange, **kwargs) def encode_body(self, body, encoding=None): """Encode a body using an optionally specified encoding. The encoding can be specified by name, and is looked up in self.codecs. self.codecs uses strings as its keys which specify the name of the encoding, and then the value is an instantiated object that can provide encoding/decoding of that type through encode and decode methods. :param body: The body to be encoded. :type body: str :keyword encoding: The encoding type to be used. Must be a supported codec listed in self.codecs. :type encoding: str :return: If encoding is specified, return a tuple with the first position being the encoded body, and the second position the encoding used. If encoding is not specified, the body is passed through unchanged. :rtype: tuple """ if encoding: return self.codecs.get(encoding).encode(body), encoding return body, encoding def decode_body(self, body, encoding=None): """Decode a body using an optionally specified encoding. The encoding can be specified by name, and is looked up in self.codecs. self.codecs uses strings as its keys which specify the name of the encoding, and then the value is an instantiated object that can provide encoding/decoding of that type through encode and decode methods. :param body: The body to be encoded. :type body: str :keyword encoding: The encoding type to be used. Must be a supported codec listed in self.codecs. :type encoding: str :return: If encoding is specified, the decoded body is returned. If encoding is not specified, the body is returned unchanged. :rtype: str """ if encoding: return self.codecs.get(encoding).decode(body) return body def typeof(self, exchange, default='direct'): """Get the exchange type. Lookup and return the exchange type for an exchange specified by name. Exchange types are expected to be 'direct', 'topic', and 'fanout', which correspond with exchange functionality as specified in AMQP 0-10 and earlier. If the exchange cannot be found, the default exchange type is returned. :param exchange: The exchange to have its type lookup up. :type exchange: str :keyword default: The type of exchange to assume if the exchange does not exist. :type default: str :return: The exchange type either 'direct', 'topic', or 'fanout'. :rtype: str """ qpid_exchange = self._broker.getExchange(exchange) if qpid_exchange: qpid_exchange_attributes = qpid_exchange.getAttributes() return qpid_exchange_attributes['type'] else: return default class Connection(object): """Encapsulate a connection object for the :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport`. :param host: The host that connections should connect to. :param port: The port that connection should connect to. :param username: The username that connections should connect with. Optional. :param password: The password that connections should connect with. Optional but requires a username. :param transport: The transport type that connections should use. Either 'tcp', or 'ssl' are expected as values. :param timeout: the timeout used when a Connection connects to the broker. :param sasl_mechanisms: The sasl authentication mechanism type to use. refer to SASL documentation for an explanation of valid values. .. note:: qpid.messaging has an AuthenticationFailure exception type, but instead raises a ConnectionError with a message that indicates an authentication failure occurred in those situations. ConnectionError is listed as a recoverable error type, so kombu will attempt to retry if a ConnectionError is raised. Retrying the operation without adjusting the credentials is not correct, so this method specifically checks for a ConnectionError that indicates an Authentication Failure occurred. In those situations, the error type is mutated while preserving the original message and raised so kombu will allow the exception to not be considered recoverable. A connection object is created by a :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport` during a call to :meth:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport.establish_connection`. The :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport` passes in connection options as keywords that should be used for any connections created. Each :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Transport` creates exactly one Connection. A Connection object maintains a reference to a :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Connection` which can be accessed through a bound getter method named :meth:`get_qpid_connection` method. Each Channel uses a the Connection for each :class:`~qpidtoollibs.BrokerAgent`, and the Transport maintains a session for all senders and receivers. The Connection object is also responsible for maintaining the dictionary of references to callbacks that should be called when messages are received. These callbacks are saved in _callbacks, and keyed on the queue name associated with the received message. The _callbacks are setup in :meth:`Channel.basic_consume`, removed in :meth:`Channel.basic_cancel`, and called in :meth:`Transport.drain_events`. The following keys are expected to be passed in as keyword arguments at a minimum: All keyword arguments are collected into the connection_options dict and passed directly through to :meth:`qpid.messaging.endpoints.Connection.establish`. """ # A class reference to the :class:`Channel` object Channel = Channel def __init__(self, **connection_options): self.connection_options = connection_options self.channels = [] self._callbacks = {} self._qpid_conn = None establish = qpid.messaging.Connection.establish # There are several inconsistent behaviors in the sasl libraries # used on different systems. Although qpid.messaging allows # multiple space separated sasl mechanisms, this implementation # only advertises one type to the server. These are either # ANONYMOUS, PLAIN, or an overridden value specified by the user. sasl_mech = connection_options['sasl_mechanisms'] try: msg = _('Attempting to connect to qpid with ' 'SASL mechanism %s') % sasl_mech logger.debug(msg) self._qpid_conn = establish(**self.connection_options) # connection was successful if we got this far msg = _('Connected to qpid with SASL ' 'mechanism %s') % sasl_mech logger.info(msg) except ConnectionError as conn_exc: # if we get one of these errors, do not raise an exception. # Raising will cause the connection to be retried. Instead, # just continue on to the next mech. coded_as_auth_failure = getattr(conn_exc, 'code', None) == 320 contains_auth_fail_text = \ 'Authentication failed' in conn_exc.text contains_mech_fail_text = \ 'sasl negotiation failed: no mechanism agreed' \ in conn_exc.text contains_mech_unavail_text = 'no mechanism available' \ in conn_exc.text if coded_as_auth_failure or \ contains_auth_fail_text or contains_mech_fail_text or \ contains_mech_unavail_text: msg = _('Unable to connect to qpid with SASL ' 'mechanism %s') % sasl_mech logger.error(msg) raise AuthenticationFailure(sys.exc_info()[1]) raise def get_qpid_connection(self): """Return the existing connection (singleton). :return: The existing qpid.messaging.Connection :rtype: :class:`qpid.messaging.endpoints.Connection` """ return self._qpid_conn def close(self): """Close the connection Closing the connection will close all associated session, senders, or receivers used by the Connection. """ self._qpid_conn.close() def close_channel(self, channel): """Close a Channel. Close a channel specified by a reference to the :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Channel` object. :param channel: Channel that should be closed. :type channel: :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Channel`. """ try: self.channels.remove(channel) except ValueError: pass finally: channel.connection = None class Transport(base.Transport): """Kombu native transport for a Qpid broker. Provide a native transport for Kombu that allows consumers and producers to read and write messages to/from a broker. This Transport is capable of supporting both synchronous and asynchronous reading. All writes are synchronous through the :class:`Channel` objects that support this Transport. Asynchronous reads are done using a call to :meth:`drain_events`, which synchronously reads messages that were fetched asynchronously, and then handles them through calls to the callback handlers maintained on the :class:`Connection` object. The Transport also provides methods to establish and close a connection to the broker. This Transport establishes a factory-like pattern that allows for singleton pattern to consolidate all Connections into a single one. The Transport can create :class:`Channel` objects to communicate with the broker with using the :meth:`create_channel` method. The Transport identifies recoverable connection errors and recoverable channel errors according to the Kombu 3.0 interface. These exception are listed as tuples and store in the Transport class attribute `recoverable_connection_errors` and `recoverable_channel_errors` respectively. Any exception raised that is not a member of one of these tuples is considered non-recoverable. This allows Kombu support for automatic retry of certain operations to function correctly. For backwards compatibility to the pre Kombu 3.0 exception interface, the recoverable errors are also listed as `connection_errors` and `channel_errors`. """ # Reference to the class that should be used as the Connection object Connection = Connection # This Transport does not specify a polling interval. polling_interval = None # This Transport does support the Celery asynchronous event model. supports_ev = True # The driver type and name for identification purposes. driver_type = 'qpid' driver_name = 'qpid' # Exceptions that can be recovered from, but where the connection must be # closed and re-established first. recoverable_connection_errors = ( ConnectionError, select.error, ) # Exceptions that can be automatically recovered from without # re-establishing the connection. recoverable_channel_errors = ( NotFound, ) # Support the pre 3.0 Kombu exception labeling interface which treats # connection_errors and channel_errors both as recoverable via a # reconnect. connection_errors = recoverable_connection_errors channel_errors = recoverable_channel_errors def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.verify_runtime_environment() super(Transport, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.r, self._w = os.pipe() if fcntl is not None: fcntl.fcntl(self.r, fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NONBLOCK) def verify_runtime_environment(self): """Verify that the runtime environment is acceptable. This method is called as part of __init__ and raises a RuntimeError in Python3 or PyPi environments. This module is not compatible with Python3 or PyPi. The RuntimeError identifies this to the user up front along with suggesting Python 2.6+ be used instead. This method also checks that the dependencies qpidtoollibs and qpid.messaging are installed. If either one is not installed a RuntimeError is raised. :raises: RuntimeError if the runtime environment is not acceptable. """ if getattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info', None): raise RuntimeError( 'The Qpid transport for Kombu does not ' 'support PyPy. Try using Python 2.6+', ) if PY3: raise RuntimeError( 'The Qpid transport for Kombu does not ' 'support Python 3. Try using Python 2.6+', ) if dependency_is_none(qpidtoollibs): raise RuntimeError( 'The Python package "qpidtoollibs" is missing. Install it ' 'with your package manager. You can also try `pip install ' 'qpid-tools`.') if dependency_is_none(qpid): raise RuntimeError( 'The Python package "qpid.messaging" is missing. Install it ' 'with your package manager. You can also try `pip install ' 'qpid-python`.') def _qpid_message_ready_handler(self, session): os.write(self._w, '0') def _qpid_async_exception_notify_handler(self, obj_with_exception, exc): os.write(self._w, 'e') def on_readable(self, connection, loop): """Handle any messages associated with this Transport. This method clears a single message from the externally monitored file descriptor by issuing a read call to the self.r file descriptor which removes a single '0' character that was placed into the pipe by the Qpid session message callback handler. Once a '0' is read, all available events are drained through a call to :meth:`drain_events`. The behavior of self.r is adjusted in __init__ to be non-blocking, ensuring that an accidental call to this method when no more messages will arrive will not cause indefinite blocking. Nothing is expected to be returned from :meth:`drain_events` because :meth:`drain_events` handles messages by calling callbacks that are maintained on the :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Connection` object. When :meth:`drain_events` returns, all associated messages have been handled. This method calls drain_events() which reads as many messages as are available for this Transport, and then returns. It blocks in the sense that reading and handling a large number of messages may take time, but it does not block waiting for a new message to arrive. When :meth:`drain_events` is called a timeout is not specified, which causes this behavior. One interesting behavior of note is where multiple messages are ready, and this method removes a single '0' character from self.r, but :meth:`drain_events` may handle an arbitrary amount of messages. In that case, extra '0' characters may be left on self.r to be read, where messages corresponding with those '0' characters have already been handled. The external epoll loop will incorrectly think additional data is ready for reading, and will call on_readable unnecessarily, once for each '0' to be read. Additional calls to :meth:`on_readable` produce no negative side effects, and will eventually clear out the symbols from the self.r file descriptor. If new messages show up during this draining period, they will also be properly handled. :param connection: The connection associated with the readable events, which contains the callbacks that need to be called for the readable objects. :type connection: kombu.transport.qpid.Connection :param loop: The asynchronous loop object that contains epoll like functionality. :type loop: kombu.async.Hub """ os.read(self.r, 1) try: self.drain_events(connection) except socket.timeout: pass def register_with_event_loop(self, connection, loop): """Register a file descriptor and callback with the loop. Register the callback self.on_readable to be called when an external epoll loop sees that the file descriptor registered is ready for reading. The file descriptor is created by this Transport, and is written to when a message is available. Because supports_ev == True, Celery expects to call this method to give the Transport an opportunity to register a read file descriptor for external monitoring by celery using an Event I/O notification mechanism such as epoll. A callback is also registered that is to be called once the external epoll loop is ready to handle the epoll event associated with messages that are ready to be handled for this Transport. The registration call is made exactly once per Transport after the Transport is instantiated. :param connection: A reference to the connection associated with this Transport. :type connection: kombu.transport.qpid.Connection :param loop: A reference to the external loop. :type loop: kombu.async.hub.Hub """ loop.add_reader(self.r, self.on_readable, connection, loop) def establish_connection(self): """Establish a Connection object. Determines the correct options to use when creating any connections needed by this Transport, and create a :class:`Connection` object which saves those values for connections generated as they are needed. The options are a mixture of what is passed in through the creator of the Transport, and the defaults provided by :meth:`default_connection_params`. Options cover broker network settings, timeout behaviors, authentication, and identity verification settings. This method also creates and stores a :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Session` using the :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Connection` created by this method. The Session is stored on self. :return: The created :class:`Connection` object is returned. :rtype: :class:`Connection` """ conninfo = self.client for name, default_value in items(self.default_connection_params): if not getattr(conninfo, name, None): setattr(conninfo, name, default_value) if conninfo.ssl: conninfo.qpid_transport = 'ssl' conninfo.transport_options['ssl_keyfile'] = conninfo.ssl[ 'keyfile'] conninfo.transport_options['ssl_certfile'] = conninfo.ssl[ 'certfile'] conninfo.transport_options['ssl_trustfile'] = conninfo.ssl[ 'ca_certs'] if conninfo.ssl['cert_reqs'] == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: conninfo.transport_options['ssl_skip_hostname_check'] = False else: conninfo.transport_options['ssl_skip_hostname_check'] = True else: conninfo.qpid_transport = 'tcp' credentials = {} if conninfo.login_method is None: if conninfo.userid is not None and conninfo.password is not None: sasl_mech = 'PLAIN' credentials['username'] = conninfo.userid credentials['password'] = conninfo.password elif conninfo.userid is None and conninfo.password is not None: raise Exception( 'Password configured but no username. SASL PLAIN ' 'requires a username when using a password.') elif conninfo.userid is not None and conninfo.password is None: raise Exception( 'Username configured but no password. SASL PLAIN ' 'requires a password when using a username.') else: sasl_mech = 'ANONYMOUS' else: sasl_mech = conninfo.login_method if conninfo.userid is not None: credentials['username'] = conninfo.userid opts = { 'host': conninfo.hostname, 'port': conninfo.port, 'sasl_mechanisms': sasl_mech, 'timeout': conninfo.connect_timeout, 'transport': conninfo.qpid_transport } opts.update(credentials) opts.update(conninfo.transport_options) conn = self.Connection(**opts) conn.client = self.client self.session = conn.get_qpid_connection().session() self.session.set_message_received_notify_handler( self._qpid_message_ready_handler ) conn.get_qpid_connection().set_async_exception_notify_handler( self._qpid_async_exception_notify_handler ) self.session.set_async_exception_notify_handler( self._qpid_async_exception_notify_handler ) return conn def close_connection(self, connection): """Close the :class:`Connection` object. :param connection: The Connection that should be closed. :type connection: :class:`kombu.transport.qpid.Connection` """ connection.close() def drain_events(self, connection, timeout=0, **kwargs): """Handle and call callbacks for all ready Transport messages. Drains all events that are ready from all :class:`~qpid.messaging.endpoints.Receiver` that are asynchronously fetching messages. For each drained message, the message is called to the appropriate callback. Callbacks are organized by queue name. :param connection: The :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Connection` that contains the callbacks, indexed by queue name, which will be called by this method. :type connection: kombu.transport.qpid.Connection :keyword timeout: The timeout that limits how long this method will run for. The timeout could interrupt a blocking read that is waiting for a new message, or cause this method to return before all messages are drained. Defaults to 0. :type timeout: int """ start_time = time.time() elapsed_time = -1 while elapsed_time < timeout: try: receiver = self.session.next_receiver(timeout=timeout) message = receiver.fetch() queue = receiver.source except QpidEmpty: raise socket.timeout() else: connection._callbacks[queue](message) elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time raise socket.timeout() def create_channel(self, connection): """Create and return a :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Channel`. Creates a new channel, and appends the channel to the list of channels known by the Connection. Once the new channel is created, it is returned. :param connection: The connection that should support the new :class:`~kombu.transport.qpid.Channel`. :type connection: kombu.transport.qpid.Connection :return: The new Channel that is made. :rtype: :class:`kombu.transport.qpid.Channel`. """ channel = connection.Channel(connection, self) connection.channels.append(channel) return channel @property def default_connection_params(self): """Return a dict with default connection parameters. These connection parameters will be used whenever the creator of Transport does not specify a required parameter. :return: A dict containing the default parameters. :rtype: dict """ return { 'hostname': 'localhost', 'port': 5672, } def __del__(self): """Ensure file descriptors opened in __init__() are closed.""" for fd in (self.r, self._w): try: os.close(fd) except OSError: # ignored pass