package sqlx import ( "database/sql" "database/sql/driver" "errors" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "path/filepath" "reflect" "strings" "sync" "github.com/jmoiron/sqlx/reflectx" ) // Although the NameMapper is convenient, in practice it should not // be relied on except for application code. If you are writing a library // that uses sqlx, you should be aware that the name mappings you expect // can be overridden by your user's application. // NameMapper is used to map column names to struct field names. By default, // it uses strings.ToLower to lowercase struct field names. It can be set // to whatever you want, but it is encouraged to be set before sqlx is used // as name-to-field mappings are cached after first use on a type. var NameMapper = strings.ToLower var origMapper = reflect.ValueOf(NameMapper) // Rather than creating on init, this is created when necessary so that // importers have time to customize the NameMapper. var mpr *reflectx.Mapper // mprMu protects mpr. var mprMu sync.Mutex // mapper returns a valid mapper using the configured NameMapper func. func mapper() *reflectx.Mapper { mprMu.Lock() defer mprMu.Unlock() if mpr == nil { mpr = reflectx.NewMapperFunc("db", NameMapper) } else if origMapper != reflect.ValueOf(NameMapper) { // if NameMapper has changed, create a new mapper mpr = reflectx.NewMapperFunc("db", NameMapper) origMapper = reflect.ValueOf(NameMapper) } return mpr } // isScannable takes the reflect.Type and the actual dest value and returns // whether or not it's Scannable. Something is scannable if: // * it is not a struct // * it implements sql.Scanner // * it has no exported fields func isScannable(t reflect.Type) bool { if reflect.PtrTo(t).Implements(_scannerInterface) { return true } if t.Kind() != reflect.Struct { return true } // it's not important that we use the right mapper for this particular object, // we're only concerned on how many exported fields this struct has return len(mapper().TypeMap(t).Index) == 0 } // ColScanner is an interface used by MapScan and SliceScan type ColScanner interface { Columns() ([]string, error) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error Err() error } // Queryer is an interface used by Get and Select type Queryer interface { Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) Queryx(query string, args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error) QueryRowx(query string, args ...interface{}) *Row } // Execer is an interface used by MustExec and LoadFile type Execer interface { Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) } // Binder is an interface for something which can bind queries (Tx, DB) type binder interface { DriverName() string Rebind(string) string BindNamed(string, interface{}) (string, []interface{}, error) } // Ext is a union interface which can bind, query, and exec, used by // NamedQuery and NamedExec. type Ext interface { binder Queryer Execer } // Preparer is an interface used by Preparex. type Preparer interface { Prepare(query string) (*sql.Stmt, error) } // determine if any of our extensions are unsafe func isUnsafe(i interface{}) bool { switch v := i.(type) { case Row: return v.unsafe case *Row: return v.unsafe case Rows: return v.unsafe case *Rows: return v.unsafe case NamedStmt: return v.Stmt.unsafe case *NamedStmt: return v.Stmt.unsafe case Stmt: return v.unsafe case *Stmt: return v.unsafe case qStmt: return v.unsafe case *qStmt: return v.unsafe case DB: return v.unsafe case *DB: return v.unsafe case Tx: return v.unsafe case *Tx: return v.unsafe case sql.Rows, *sql.Rows: return false default: return false } } func mapperFor(i interface{}) *reflectx.Mapper { switch i := i.(type) { case DB: return i.Mapper case *DB: return i.Mapper case Tx: return i.Mapper case *Tx: return i.Mapper default: return mapper() } } var _scannerInterface = reflect.TypeOf((*sql.Scanner)(nil)).Elem() var _valuerInterface = reflect.TypeOf((*driver.Valuer)(nil)).Elem() // Row is a reimplementation of sql.Row in order to gain access to the underlying // sql.Rows.Columns() data, necessary for StructScan. type Row struct { err error unsafe bool rows *sql.Rows Mapper *reflectx.Mapper } // Scan is a fixed implementation of sql.Row.Scan, which does not discard the // underlying error from the internal rows object if it exists. func (r *Row) Scan(dest ...interface{}) error { if r.err != nil { return r.err } // TODO(bradfitz): for now we need to defensively clone all // []byte that the driver returned (not permitting // *RawBytes in Rows.Scan), since we're about to close // the Rows in our defer, when we return from this function. // the contract with the driver.Next(...) interface is that it // can return slices into read-only temporary memory that's // only valid until the next Scan/Close. But the TODO is that // for a lot of drivers, this copy will be unnecessary. We // should provide an optional interface for drivers to // implement to say, "don't worry, the []bytes that I return // from Next will not be modified again." (for instance, if // they were obtained from the network anyway) But for now we // don't care. defer r.rows.Close() for _, dp := range dest { if _, ok := dp.(*sql.RawBytes); ok { return errors.New("sql: RawBytes isn't allowed on Row.Scan") } } if !r.rows.Next() { if err := r.rows.Err(); err != nil { return err } return sql.ErrNoRows } err := r.rows.Scan(dest...) if err != nil { return err } // Make sure the query can be processed to completion with no errors. if err := r.rows.Close(); err != nil { return err } return nil } // Columns returns the underlying sql.Rows.Columns(), or the deferred error usually // returned by Row.Scan() func (r *Row) Columns() ([]string, error) { if r.err != nil { return []string{}, r.err } return r.rows.Columns() } // ColumnTypes returns the underlying sql.Rows.ColumnTypes(), or the deferred error func (r *Row) ColumnTypes() ([]*sql.ColumnType, error) { if r.err != nil { return []*sql.ColumnType{}, r.err } return r.rows.ColumnTypes() } // Err returns the error encountered while scanning. func (r *Row) Err() error { return r.err } // DB is a wrapper around sql.DB which keeps track of the driverName upon Open, // used mostly to automatically bind named queries using the right bindvars. type DB struct { *sql.DB driverName string unsafe bool Mapper *reflectx.Mapper } // NewDb returns a new sqlx DB wrapper for a pre-existing *sql.DB. The // driverName of the original database is required for named query support. func NewDb(db *sql.DB, driverName string) *DB { return &DB{DB: db, driverName: driverName, Mapper: mapper()} } // DriverName returns the driverName passed to the Open function for this DB. func (db *DB) DriverName() string { return db.driverName } // Open is the same as sql.Open, but returns an *sqlx.DB instead. func Open(driverName, dataSourceName string) (*DB, error) { db, err := sql.Open(driverName, dataSourceName) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &DB{DB: db, driverName: driverName, Mapper: mapper()}, err } // MustOpen is the same as sql.Open, but returns an *sqlx.DB instead and panics on error. func MustOpen(driverName, dataSourceName string) *DB { db, err := Open(driverName, dataSourceName) if err != nil { panic(err) } return db } // MapperFunc sets a new mapper for this db using the default sqlx struct tag // and the provided mapper function. func (db *DB) MapperFunc(mf func(string) string) { db.Mapper = reflectx.NewMapperFunc("db", mf) } // Rebind transforms a query from QUESTION to the DB driver's bindvar type. func (db *DB) Rebind(query string) string { return Rebind(BindType(db.driverName), query) } // Unsafe returns a version of DB which will silently succeed to scan when // columns in the SQL result have no fields in the destination struct. // sqlx.Stmt and sqlx.Tx which are created from this DB will inherit its // safety behavior. func (db *DB) Unsafe() *DB { return &DB{DB: db.DB, driverName: db.driverName, unsafe: true, Mapper: db.Mapper} } // BindNamed binds a query using the DB driver's bindvar type. func (db *DB) BindNamed(query string, arg interface{}) (string, []interface{}, error) { return bindNamedMapper(BindType(db.driverName), query, arg, db.Mapper) } // NamedQuery using this DB. // Any named placeholder parameters are replaced with fields from arg. func (db *DB) NamedQuery(query string, arg interface{}) (*Rows, error) { return NamedQuery(db, query, arg) } // NamedExec using this DB. // Any named placeholder parameters are replaced with fields from arg. func (db *DB) NamedExec(query string, arg interface{}) (sql.Result, error) { return NamedExec(db, query, arg) } // Select using this DB. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (db *DB) Select(dest interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error { return Select(db, dest, query, args...) } // Get using this DB. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. // An error is returned if the result set is empty. func (db *DB) Get(dest interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error { return Get(db, dest, query, args...) } // MustBegin starts a transaction, and panics on error. Returns an *sqlx.Tx instead // of an *sql.Tx. func (db *DB) MustBegin() *Tx { tx, err := db.Beginx() if err != nil { panic(err) } return tx } // Beginx begins a transaction and returns an *sqlx.Tx instead of an *sql.Tx. func (db *DB) Beginx() (*Tx, error) { tx, err := db.DB.Begin() if err != nil { return nil, err } return &Tx{Tx: tx, driverName: db.driverName, unsafe: db.unsafe, Mapper: db.Mapper}, err } // Queryx queries the database and returns an *sqlx.Rows. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (db *DB) Queryx(query string, args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error) { r, err := db.DB.Query(query, args...) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &Rows{Rows: r, unsafe: db.unsafe, Mapper: db.Mapper}, err } // QueryRowx queries the database and returns an *sqlx.Row. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (db *DB) QueryRowx(query string, args ...interface{}) *Row { rows, err := db.DB.Query(query, args...) return &Row{rows: rows, err: err, unsafe: db.unsafe, Mapper: db.Mapper} } // MustExec (panic) runs MustExec using this database. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (db *DB) MustExec(query string, args ...interface{}) sql.Result { return MustExec(db, query, args...) } // Preparex returns an sqlx.Stmt instead of a sql.Stmt func (db *DB) Preparex(query string) (*Stmt, error) { return Preparex(db, query) } // PrepareNamed returns an sqlx.NamedStmt func (db *DB) PrepareNamed(query string) (*NamedStmt, error) { return prepareNamed(db, query) } // Conn is a wrapper around sql.Conn with extra functionality type Conn struct { *sql.Conn driverName string unsafe bool Mapper *reflectx.Mapper } // Tx is an sqlx wrapper around sql.Tx with extra functionality type Tx struct { *sql.Tx driverName string unsafe bool Mapper *reflectx.Mapper } // DriverName returns the driverName used by the DB which began this transaction. func (tx *Tx) DriverName() string { return tx.driverName } // Rebind a query within a transaction's bindvar type. func (tx *Tx) Rebind(query string) string { return Rebind(BindType(tx.driverName), query) } // Unsafe returns a version of Tx which will silently succeed to scan when // columns in the SQL result have no fields in the destination struct. func (tx *Tx) Unsafe() *Tx { return &Tx{Tx: tx.Tx, driverName: tx.driverName, unsafe: true, Mapper: tx.Mapper} } // BindNamed binds a query within a transaction's bindvar type. func (tx *Tx) BindNamed(query string, arg interface{}) (string, []interface{}, error) { return bindNamedMapper(BindType(tx.driverName), query, arg, tx.Mapper) } // NamedQuery within a transaction. // Any named placeholder parameters are replaced with fields from arg. func (tx *Tx) NamedQuery(query string, arg interface{}) (*Rows, error) { return NamedQuery(tx, query, arg) } // NamedExec a named query within a transaction. // Any named placeholder parameters are replaced with fields from arg. func (tx *Tx) NamedExec(query string, arg interface{}) (sql.Result, error) { return NamedExec(tx, query, arg) } // Select within a transaction. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (tx *Tx) Select(dest interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error { return Select(tx, dest, query, args...) } // Queryx within a transaction. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (tx *Tx) Queryx(query string, args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error) { r, err := tx.Tx.Query(query, args...) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &Rows{Rows: r, unsafe: tx.unsafe, Mapper: tx.Mapper}, err } // QueryRowx within a transaction. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (tx *Tx) QueryRowx(query string, args ...interface{}) *Row { rows, err := tx.Tx.Query(query, args...) return &Row{rows: rows, err: err, unsafe: tx.unsafe, Mapper: tx.Mapper} } // Get within a transaction. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. // An error is returned if the result set is empty. func (tx *Tx) Get(dest interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error { return Get(tx, dest, query, args...) } // MustExec runs MustExec within a transaction. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (tx *Tx) MustExec(query string, args ...interface{}) sql.Result { return MustExec(tx, query, args...) } // Preparex a statement within a transaction. func (tx *Tx) Preparex(query string) (*Stmt, error) { return Preparex(tx, query) } // Stmtx returns a version of the prepared statement which runs within a transaction. Provided // stmt can be either *sql.Stmt or *sqlx.Stmt. func (tx *Tx) Stmtx(stmt interface{}) *Stmt { var s *sql.Stmt switch v := stmt.(type) { case Stmt: s = v.Stmt case *Stmt: s = v.Stmt case *sql.Stmt: s = v default: panic(fmt.Sprintf("non-statement type %v passed to Stmtx", reflect.ValueOf(stmt).Type())) } return &Stmt{Stmt: tx.Stmt(s), Mapper: tx.Mapper} } // NamedStmt returns a version of the prepared statement which runs within a transaction. func (tx *Tx) NamedStmt(stmt *NamedStmt) *NamedStmt { return &NamedStmt{ QueryString: stmt.QueryString, Params: stmt.Params, Stmt: tx.Stmtx(stmt.Stmt), } } // PrepareNamed returns an sqlx.NamedStmt func (tx *Tx) PrepareNamed(query string) (*NamedStmt, error) { return prepareNamed(tx, query) } // Stmt is an sqlx wrapper around sql.Stmt with extra functionality type Stmt struct { *sql.Stmt unsafe bool Mapper *reflectx.Mapper } // Unsafe returns a version of Stmt which will silently succeed to scan when // columns in the SQL result have no fields in the destination struct. func (s *Stmt) Unsafe() *Stmt { return &Stmt{Stmt: s.Stmt, unsafe: true, Mapper: s.Mapper} } // Select using the prepared statement. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (s *Stmt) Select(dest interface{}, args ...interface{}) error { return Select(&qStmt{s}, dest, "", args...) } // Get using the prepared statement. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. // An error is returned if the result set is empty. func (s *Stmt) Get(dest interface{}, args ...interface{}) error { return Get(&qStmt{s}, dest, "", args...) } // MustExec (panic) using this statement. Note that the query portion of the error // output will be blank, as Stmt does not expose its query. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (s *Stmt) MustExec(args ...interface{}) sql.Result { return MustExec(&qStmt{s}, "", args...) } // QueryRowx using this statement. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (s *Stmt) QueryRowx(args ...interface{}) *Row { qs := &qStmt{s} return qs.QueryRowx("", args...) } // Queryx using this statement. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func (s *Stmt) Queryx(args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error) { qs := &qStmt{s} return qs.Queryx("", args...) } // qStmt is an unexposed wrapper which lets you use a Stmt as a Queryer & Execer by // implementing those interfaces and ignoring the `query` argument. type qStmt struct{ *Stmt } func (q *qStmt) Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*sql.Rows, error) { return q.Stmt.Query(args...) } func (q *qStmt) Queryx(query string, args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error) { r, err := q.Stmt.Query(args...) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &Rows{Rows: r, unsafe: q.Stmt.unsafe, Mapper: q.Stmt.Mapper}, err } func (q *qStmt) QueryRowx(query string, args ...interface{}) *Row { rows, err := q.Stmt.Query(args...) return &Row{rows: rows, err: err, unsafe: q.Stmt.unsafe, Mapper: q.Stmt.Mapper} } func (q *qStmt) Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) { return q.Stmt.Exec(args...) } // Rows is a wrapper around sql.Rows which caches costly reflect operations // during a looped StructScan type Rows struct { *sql.Rows unsafe bool Mapper *reflectx.Mapper // these fields cache memory use for a rows during iteration w/ structScan started bool fields [][]int values []interface{} } // SliceScan using this Rows. func (r *Rows) SliceScan() ([]interface{}, error) { return SliceScan(r) } // MapScan using this Rows. func (r *Rows) MapScan(dest map[string]interface{}) error { return MapScan(r, dest) } // StructScan is like sql.Rows.Scan, but scans a single Row into a single Struct. // Use this and iterate over Rows manually when the memory load of Select() might be // prohibitive. *Rows.StructScan caches the reflect work of matching up column // positions to fields to avoid that overhead per scan, which means it is not safe // to run StructScan on the same Rows instance with different struct types. func (r *Rows) StructScan(dest interface{}) error { v := reflect.ValueOf(dest) if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr { return errors.New("must pass a pointer, not a value, to StructScan destination") } v = v.Elem() if !r.started { columns, err := r.Columns() if err != nil { return err } m := r.Mapper r.fields = m.TraversalsByName(v.Type(), columns) // if we are not unsafe and are missing fields, return an error if f, err := missingFields(r.fields); err != nil && !r.unsafe { return fmt.Errorf("missing destination name %s in %T", columns[f], dest) } r.values = make([]interface{}, len(columns)) r.started = true } err := fieldsByTraversal(v, r.fields, r.values, true) if err != nil { return err } // scan into the struct field pointers and append to our results err = r.Scan(r.values...) if err != nil { return err } return r.Err() } // Connect to a database and verify with a ping. func Connect(driverName, dataSourceName string) (*DB, error) { db, err := Open(driverName, dataSourceName) if err != nil { return nil, err } err = db.Ping() if err != nil { db.Close() return nil, err } return db, nil } // MustConnect connects to a database and panics on error. func MustConnect(driverName, dataSourceName string) *DB { db, err := Connect(driverName, dataSourceName) if err != nil { panic(err) } return db } // Preparex prepares a statement. func Preparex(p Preparer, query string) (*Stmt, error) { s, err := p.Prepare(query) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &Stmt{Stmt: s, unsafe: isUnsafe(p), Mapper: mapperFor(p)}, err } // Select executes a query using the provided Queryer, and StructScans each row // into dest, which must be a slice. If the slice elements are scannable, then // the result set must have only one column. Otherwise, StructScan is used. // The *sql.Rows are closed automatically. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func Select(q Queryer, dest interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error { rows, err := q.Queryx(query, args...) if err != nil { return err } // if something happens here, we want to make sure the rows are Closed defer rows.Close() return scanAll(rows, dest, false) } // Get does a QueryRow using the provided Queryer, and scans the resulting row // to dest. If dest is scannable, the result must only have one column. Otherwise, // StructScan is used. Get will return sql.ErrNoRows like row.Scan would. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. // An error is returned if the result set is empty. func Get(q Queryer, dest interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error { r := q.QueryRowx(query, args...) return r.scanAny(dest, false) } // LoadFile exec's every statement in a file (as a single call to Exec). // LoadFile may return a nil *sql.Result if errors are encountered locating or // reading the file at path. LoadFile reads the entire file into memory, so it // is not suitable for loading large data dumps, but can be useful for initializing // schemas or loading indexes. // // FIXME: this does not really work with multi-statement files for mattn/go-sqlite3 // or the go-mysql-driver/mysql drivers; pq seems to be an exception here. Detecting // this by requiring something with DriverName() and then attempting to split the // queries will be difficult to get right, and its current driver-specific behavior // is deemed at least not complex in its incorrectness. func LoadFile(e Execer, path string) (*sql.Result, error) { realpath, err := filepath.Abs(path) if err != nil { return nil, err } contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile(realpath) if err != nil { return nil, err } res, err := e.Exec(string(contents)) return &res, err } // MustExec execs the query using e and panics if there was an error. // Any placeholder parameters are replaced with supplied args. func MustExec(e Execer, query string, args ...interface{}) sql.Result { res, err := e.Exec(query, args...) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } // SliceScan using this Rows. func (r *Row) SliceScan() ([]interface{}, error) { return SliceScan(r) } // MapScan using this Rows. func (r *Row) MapScan(dest map[string]interface{}) error { return MapScan(r, dest) } func (r *Row) scanAny(dest interface{}, structOnly bool) error { if r.err != nil { return r.err } if r.rows == nil { r.err = sql.ErrNoRows return r.err } defer r.rows.Close() v := reflect.ValueOf(dest) if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr { return errors.New("must pass a pointer, not a value, to StructScan destination") } if v.IsNil() { return errors.New("nil pointer passed to StructScan destination") } base := reflectx.Deref(v.Type()) scannable := isScannable(base) if structOnly && scannable { return structOnlyError(base) } columns, err := r.Columns() if err != nil { return err } if scannable && len(columns) > 1 { return fmt.Errorf("scannable dest type %s with >1 columns (%d) in result", base.Kind(), len(columns)) } if scannable { return r.Scan(dest) } m := r.Mapper fields := m.TraversalsByName(v.Type(), columns) // if we are not unsafe and are missing fields, return an error if f, err := missingFields(fields); err != nil && !r.unsafe { return fmt.Errorf("missing destination name %s in %T", columns[f], dest) } values := make([]interface{}, len(columns)) err = fieldsByTraversal(v, fields, values, true) if err != nil { return err } // scan into the struct field pointers and append to our results return r.Scan(values...) } // StructScan a single Row into dest. func (r *Row) StructScan(dest interface{}) error { return r.scanAny(dest, true) } // SliceScan a row, returning a []interface{} with values similar to MapScan. // This function is primarily intended for use where the number of columns // is not known. Because you can pass an []interface{} directly to Scan, // it's recommended that you do that as it will not have to allocate new // slices per row. func SliceScan(r ColScanner) ([]interface{}, error) { // ignore r.started, since we needn't use reflect for anything. columns, err := r.Columns() if err != nil { return []interface{}{}, err } values := make([]interface{}, len(columns)) for i := range values { values[i] = new(interface{}) } err = r.Scan(values...) if err != nil { return values, err } for i := range columns { values[i] = *(values[i].(*interface{})) } return values, r.Err() } // MapScan scans a single Row into the dest map[string]interface{}. // Use this to get results for SQL that might not be under your control // (for instance, if you're building an interface for an SQL server that // executes SQL from input). Please do not use this as a primary interface! // This will modify the map sent to it in place, so reuse the same map with // care. Columns which occur more than once in the result will overwrite // each other! func MapScan(r ColScanner, dest map[string]interface{}) error { // ignore r.started, since we needn't use reflect for anything. columns, err := r.Columns() if err != nil { return err } values := make([]interface{}, len(columns)) for i := range values { values[i] = new(interface{}) } err = r.Scan(values...) if err != nil { return err } for i, column := range columns { dest[column] = *(values[i].(*interface{})) } return r.Err() } type rowsi interface { Close() error Columns() ([]string, error) Err() error Next() bool Scan(...interface{}) error } // structOnlyError returns an error appropriate for type when a non-scannable // struct is expected but something else is given func structOnlyError(t reflect.Type) error { isStruct := t.Kind() == reflect.Struct isScanner := reflect.PtrTo(t).Implements(_scannerInterface) if !isStruct { return fmt.Errorf("expected %s but got %s", reflect.Struct, t.Kind()) } if isScanner { return fmt.Errorf("structscan expects a struct dest but the provided struct type %s implements scanner", t.Name()) } return fmt.Errorf("expected a struct, but struct %s has no exported fields", t.Name()) } // scanAll scans all rows into a destination, which must be a slice of any // type. If the destination slice type is a Struct, then StructScan will be // used on each row. If the destination is some other kind of base type, then // each row must only have one column which can scan into that type. This // allows you to do something like: // // rows, _ := db.Query("select id from people;") // var ids []int // scanAll(rows, &ids, false) // // and ids will be a list of the id results. I realize that this is a desirable // interface to expose to users, but for now it will only be exposed via changes // to `Get` and `Select`. The reason that this has been implemented like this is // this is the only way to not duplicate reflect work in the new API while // maintaining backwards compatibility. func scanAll(rows rowsi, dest interface{}, structOnly bool) error { var v, vp reflect.Value value := reflect.ValueOf(dest) // json.Unmarshal returns errors for these if value.Kind() != reflect.Ptr { return errors.New("must pass a pointer, not a value, to StructScan destination") } if value.IsNil() { return errors.New("nil pointer passed to StructScan destination") } direct := reflect.Indirect(value) slice, err := baseType(value.Type(), reflect.Slice) if err != nil { return err } isPtr := slice.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr base := reflectx.Deref(slice.Elem()) scannable := isScannable(base) if structOnly && scannable { return structOnlyError(base) } columns, err := rows.Columns() if err != nil { return err } // if it's a base type make sure it only has 1 column; if not return an error if scannable && len(columns) > 1 { return fmt.Errorf("non-struct dest type %s with >1 columns (%d)", base.Kind(), len(columns)) } if !scannable { var values []interface{} var m *reflectx.Mapper switch rows.(type) { case *Rows: m = rows.(*Rows).Mapper default: m = mapper() } fields := m.TraversalsByName(base, columns) // if we are not unsafe and are missing fields, return an error if f, err := missingFields(fields); err != nil && !isUnsafe(rows) { return fmt.Errorf("missing destination name %s in %T", columns[f], dest) } values = make([]interface{}, len(columns)) for rows.Next() { // create a new struct type (which returns PtrTo) and indirect it vp = reflect.New(base) v = reflect.Indirect(vp) err = fieldsByTraversal(v, fields, values, true) if err != nil { return err } // scan into the struct field pointers and append to our results err = rows.Scan(values...) if err != nil { return err } if isPtr { direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, vp)) } else { direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, v)) } } } else { for rows.Next() { vp = reflect.New(base) err = rows.Scan(vp.Interface()) if err != nil { return err } // append if isPtr { direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, vp)) } else { direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, reflect.Indirect(vp))) } } } return rows.Err() } // FIXME: StructScan was the very first bit of API in sqlx, and now unfortunately // it doesn't really feel like it's named properly. There is an incongruency // between this and the way that StructScan (which might better be ScanStruct // anyway) works on a rows object. // StructScan all rows from an sql.Rows or an sqlx.Rows into the dest slice. // StructScan will scan in the entire rows result, so if you do not want to // allocate structs for the entire result, use Queryx and see sqlx.Rows.StructScan. // If rows is sqlx.Rows, it will use its mapper, otherwise it will use the default. func StructScan(rows rowsi, dest interface{}) error { return scanAll(rows, dest, true) } // reflect helpers func baseType(t reflect.Type, expected reflect.Kind) (reflect.Type, error) { t = reflectx.Deref(t) if t.Kind() != expected { return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected %s but got %s", expected, t.Kind()) } return t, nil } // fieldsByName fills a values interface with fields from the passed value based // on the traversals in int. If ptrs is true, return addresses instead of values. // We write this instead of using FieldsByName to save allocations and map lookups // when iterating over many rows. Empty traversals will get an interface pointer. // Because of the necessity of requesting ptrs or values, it's considered a bit too // specialized for inclusion in reflectx itself. func fieldsByTraversal(v reflect.Value, traversals [][]int, values []interface{}, ptrs bool) error { v = reflect.Indirect(v) if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct { return errors.New("argument not a struct") } for i, traversal := range traversals { if len(traversal) == 0 { values[i] = new(interface{}) continue } f := reflectx.FieldByIndexes(v, traversal) if ptrs { values[i] = f.Addr().Interface() } else { values[i] = f.Interface() } } return nil } func missingFields(transversals [][]int) (field int, err error) { for i, t := range transversals { if len(t) == 0 { return i, errors.New("missing field") } } return 0, nil }