#region License
// Copyright (c) 2007 James Newton-King
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
// restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
// copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
// conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
// HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
// OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#endregion

#if !(NET35 || NET20 || PORTABLE || DNXCORE50)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Dynamic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
#if DNXCORE50
using Xunit;
using Test = Xunit.FactAttribute;
using Assert = Newtonsoft.Json.Tests.XUnitAssert;
#else
using NUnit.Framework;
#endif
using Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Tests.TestObjects;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities;
using System.Globalization;
using ErrorEventArgs = Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.ErrorEventArgs;

namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Tests.Documentation
{
    [TestFixture]
    public class SerializationTests : TestFixtureBase
    {
        [Test]
        public void SerializeObject()
        {
            #region SerializeObject
            Product product = new Product();

            product.Name = "Apple";
            product.ExpiryDate = new DateTime(2008, 12, 28);
            product.Price = 3.99M;
            product.Sizes = new string[] { "Small", "Medium", "Large" };

            string output = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(product);
            //{
            //  "Name": "Apple",
            //  "ExpiryDate": "2008-12-28T00:00:00",
            //  "Price": 3.99,
            //  "Sizes": [
            //    "Small",
            //    "Medium",
            //    "Large"
            //  ]
            //}

            Product deserializedProduct = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Product>(output);
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual("Apple", deserializedProduct.Name);
        }

        public void JsonSerializerToStream()
        {
            #region JsonSerializerToStream
            Product product = new Product();
            product.ExpiryDate = new DateTime(2008, 12, 28);

            JsonSerializer serializer = new JsonSerializer();
            serializer.Converters.Add(new JavaScriptDateTimeConverter());
            serializer.NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore;

            using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(@"c:\json.txt"))
            using (JsonWriter writer = new JsonTextWriter(sw))
            {
                serializer.Serialize(writer, product);
                // {"ExpiryDate":new Date(1230375600000),"Price":0}
            }
            #endregion
        }

        #region SerializationAttributes
        [JsonObject(MemberSerialization.OptIn)]
        public class Person
        {
            // "John Smith"
            [JsonProperty]
            public string Name { get; set; }

            // "2000-12-15T22:11:03"
            [JsonProperty]
            public DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }

            // new Date(976918263055)
            [JsonProperty]
            [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
            public DateTime LastModified { get; set; }

            // not serialized because mode is opt-in
            public string Department { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        #region SerializationCallbacksObject
        public class SerializationEventTestObject
        {
            // 2222
            // This member is serialized and deserialized with no change.
            public int Member1 { get; set; }

            // The value of this field is set and reset during and 
            // after serialization.
            public string Member2 { get; set; }

            // This field is not serialized. The OnDeserializedAttribute 
            // is used to set the member value after serialization.
            [JsonIgnore]
            public string Member3 { get; set; }

            // This field is set to null, but populated after deserialization.
            public string Member4 { get; set; }

            public SerializationEventTestObject()
            {
                Member1 = 11;
                Member2 = "Hello World!";
                Member3 = "This is a nonserialized value";
                Member4 = null;
            }

            [OnSerializing]
            internal void OnSerializingMethod(StreamingContext context)
            {
                Member2 = "This value went into the data file during serialization.";
            }

            [OnSerialized]
            internal void OnSerializedMethod(StreamingContext context)
            {
                Member2 = "This value was reset after serialization.";
            }

            [OnDeserializing]
            internal void OnDeserializingMethod(StreamingContext context)
            {
                Member3 = "This value was set during deserialization";
            }

            [OnDeserialized]
            internal void OnDeserializedMethod(StreamingContext context)
            {
                Member4 = "This value was set after deserialization.";
            }
        }
        #endregion

        [Test]
        public void SerializationCallbacksExample()
        {
            #region SerializationCallbacksExample
            SerializationEventTestObject obj = new SerializationEventTestObject();

            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member1);
            // 11
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member2);
            // Hello World!
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member3);
            // This is a nonserialized value
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member4);
            // null

            string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, Formatting.Indented);
            // {
            //   "Member1": 11,
            //   "Member2": "This value went into the data file during serialization.",
            //   "Member4": null
            // }

            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member1);
            // 11
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member2);
            // This value was reset after serialization.
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member3);
            // This is a nonserialized value
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member4);
            // null

            obj = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<SerializationEventTestObject>(json);

            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member1);
            // 11
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member2);
            // This value went into the data file during serialization.
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member3);
            // This value was set during deserialization
            Console.WriteLine(obj.Member4);
            // This value was set after deserialization.
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(11, obj.Member1);
        }

        [Test]
        public void SerializationErrorHandling()
        {
            #region SerializationErrorHandling
            List<string> errors = new List<string>();

            List<DateTime> c = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<DateTime>>(@"[
                  '2009-09-09T00:00:00Z',
                  'I am not a date and will error!',
                  [
                    1
                  ],
                  '1977-02-20T00:00:00Z',
                  null,
                  '2000-12-01T00:00:00Z'
                ]",
                new JsonSerializerSettings
                {
                    Error = delegate(object sender, ErrorEventArgs args)
                    {
                        errors.Add(args.ErrorContext.Error.Message);
                        args.ErrorContext.Handled = true;
                    },
                    Converters = { new IsoDateTimeConverter() }
                });

            // 2009-09-09T00:00:00Z
            // 1977-02-20T00:00:00Z
            // 2000-12-01T00:00:00Z

            // The string was not recognized as a valid DateTime. There is a unknown word starting at index 0.
            // Unexpected token parsing date. Expected String, got StartArray.
            // Cannot convert null value to System.DateTime.
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(2009, 9, 9, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc), c[0]);
        }

        [Test]
        public void SerializationErrorHandlingWithParent()
        {
            #region SerializationErrorHandlingWithParent
            List<string> errors = new List<string>();

            JsonSerializer serializer = new JsonSerializer();
            serializer.Error += delegate(object sender, ErrorEventArgs args)
            {
                // only log an error once
                if (args.CurrentObject == args.ErrorContext.OriginalObject)
                {
                    errors.Add(args.ErrorContext.Error.Message);
                }
            };
            #endregion
        }

        #region SerializationErrorHandlingAttributeObject
        public class PersonError
        {
            private List<string> _roles;

            public string Name { get; set; }
            public int Age { get; set; }

            public List<string> Roles
            {
                get
                {
                    if (_roles == null)
                    {
                        throw new Exception("Roles not loaded!");
                    }

                    return _roles;
                }
                set { _roles = value; }
            }

            public string Title { get; set; }

            [OnError]
            internal void OnError(StreamingContext context, ErrorContext errorContext)
            {
                errorContext.Handled = true;
            }
        }
        #endregion

        [Test]
        public void SerializationErrorHandlingAttributeExample()
        {
            #region SerializationErrorHandlingAttributeExample
            PersonError person = new PersonError
            {
                Name = "George Michael Bluth",
                Age = 16,
                Roles = null,
                Title = "Mister Manager"
            };

            string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person, Formatting.Indented);

            Console.WriteLine(json);
            //{
            //  "Name": "George Michael Bluth",
            //  "Age": 16,
            //  "Title": "Mister Manager"
            //}
            #endregion

            StringAssert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""Name"": ""George Michael Bluth"",
  ""Age"": 16,
  ""Title"": ""Mister Manager""
}", json);
        }

        public void PreservingObjectReferencesOff()
        {
            #region PreservingObjectReferencesOff
            Person p = new Person
            {
                BirthDate = new DateTime(1980, 12, 23, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc),
                LastModified = new DateTime(2009, 2, 20, 12, 59, 21, DateTimeKind.Utc),
                Name = "James"
            };

            List<Person> people = new List<Person>();
            people.Add(p);
            people.Add(p);

            string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(people, Formatting.Indented);
            //[
            //  {
            //    "Name": "James",
            //    "BirthDate": "1980-12-23T00:00:00Z",
            //    "LastModified": "2009-02-20T12:59:21Z"
            //  },
            //  {
            //    "Name": "James",
            //    "BirthDate": "1980-12-23T00:00:00Z",
            //    "LastModified": "2009-02-20T12:59:21Z"
            //  }
            //]
            #endregion

            StringAssert.AreEqual(@"[
  {
    ""Name"": ""James"",
    ""BirthDate"": ""1980-12-23T00:00:00Z"",
    ""LastModified"": ""2009-02-20T12:59:21Z""
  },
  {
    ""Name"": ""James"",
    ""BirthDate"": ""1980-12-23T00:00:00Z"",
    ""LastModified"": ""2009-02-20T12:59:21Z""
  }
]", json);
        }

        [Test]
        public void PreservingObjectReferencesOn()
        {
            Person p = new Person
            {
                Name = "James"
            };
            List<Person> people = new List<Person>
            {
                p,
                p
            };

            #region PreservingObjectReferencesOn
            string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(people, Formatting.Indented,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { PreserveReferencesHandling = PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects });

            //[
            //  {
            //    "$id": "1",
            //    "Name": "James",
            //    "BirthDate": "1983-03-08T00:00Z",
            //    "LastModified": "2012-03-21T05:40Z"
            //  },
            //  {
            //    "$ref": "1"
            //  }
            //]

            List<Person> deserializedPeople = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Person>>(json,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { PreserveReferencesHandling = PreserveReferencesHandling.Objects });

            Console.WriteLine(deserializedPeople.Count);
            // 2

            Person p1 = deserializedPeople[0];
            Person p2 = deserializedPeople[1];

            Console.WriteLine(p1.Name);
            // James
            Console.WriteLine(p2.Name);
            // James

            bool equal = Object.ReferenceEquals(p1, p2);
            // true
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(true, equal);
        }

        #region PreservingObjectReferencesAttribute
        [JsonObject(IsReference = true)]
        public class EmployeeReference
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public EmployeeReference Manager { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        #region CustomCreationConverterObject
        public interface IPerson
        {
            string FirstName { get; set; }
            string LastName { get; set; }
            DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }
        }

        public class Employee : IPerson
        {
            public string FirstName { get; set; }
            public string LastName { get; set; }
            public DateTime BirthDate { get; set; }

            public string Department { get; set; }
            public string JobTitle { get; set; }
        }

        public class PersonConverter : CustomCreationConverter<IPerson>
        {
            public override IPerson Create(Type objectType)
            {
                return new Employee();
            }
        }
        #endregion

        [Test]
        public void CustomCreationConverterExample()
        {
            string json = @"[
  {
    ""FirstName"": ""Maurice"",
    ""LastName"": ""Moss"",
    ""BirthDate"": ""1981-03-08T00:00Z"",
    ""Department"": ""IT"",
    ""JobTitle"": ""Support""
  },
  {
    ""FirstName"": ""Jen"",
    ""LastName"": ""Barber"",
    ""BirthDate"": ""1985-12-10T00:00Z"",
    ""Department"": ""IT"",
    ""JobTitle"": ""Manager""
  }
]";

            #region CustomCreationConverterExample
            //[
            //  {
            //    "FirstName": "Maurice",
            //    "LastName": "Moss",
            //    "BirthDate": "1981-03-08T00:00Z",
            //    "Department": "IT",
            //    "JobTitle": "Support"
            //  },
            //  {
            //    "FirstName": "Jen",
            //    "LastName": "Barber",
            //    "BirthDate": "1985-12-10T00:00Z",
            //    "Department": "IT",
            //    "JobTitle": "Manager"
            //  }
            //]

            List<IPerson> people = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<IPerson>>(json, new PersonConverter());

            IPerson person = people[0];

            Console.WriteLine(person.GetType());
            // Newtonsoft.Json.Tests.Employee

            Console.WriteLine(person.FirstName);
            // Maurice

            Employee employee = (Employee)person;

            Console.WriteLine(employee.JobTitle);
            // Support
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual("Support", employee.JobTitle);
        }

        [Test]
        public void ContractResolver()
        {
            #region ContractResolver
            Product product = new Product
            {
                ExpiryDate = new DateTime(2010, 12, 20, 18, 1, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc),
                Name = "Widget",
                Price = 9.99m,
                Sizes = new[] { "Small", "Medium", "Large" }
            };

            string json =
                JsonConvert.SerializeObject(
                    product,
                    Formatting.Indented,
                    new JsonSerializerSettings { ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver() }
                    );

            //{
            //  "name": "Widget",
            //  "expiryDate": "2010-12-20T18:01:00Z",
            //  "price": 9.99,
            //  "sizes": [
            //    "Small",
            //    "Medium",
            //    "Large"
            //  ]
            //}
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""name"": ""Widget"",
  ""expiryDate"": ""2010-12-20T18:01:00Z"",
  ""price"": 9.99,
  ""sizes"": [
    ""Small"",
    ""Medium"",
    ""Large""
  ]
}", json);
        }

        [Test]
        public void SerializingCollectionsSerializing()
        {
            #region SerializingCollectionsSerializing
            Product p1 = new Product
            {
                Name = "Product 1",
                Price = 99.95m,
                ExpiryDate = new DateTime(2000, 12, 29, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc),
            };
            Product p2 = new Product
            {
                Name = "Product 2",
                Price = 12.50m,
                ExpiryDate = new DateTime(2009, 7, 31, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc),
            };

            List<Product> products = new List<Product>();
            products.Add(p1);
            products.Add(p2);

            string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(products, Formatting.Indented);
            //[
            //  {
            //    "Name": "Product 1",
            //    "ExpiryDate": "2000-12-29T00:00:00Z",
            //    "Price": 99.95,
            //    "Sizes": null
            //  },
            //  {
            //    "Name": "Product 2",
            //    "ExpiryDate": "2009-07-31T00:00:00Z",
            //    "Price": 12.50,
            //    "Sizes": null
            //  }
            //]
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(@"[
  {
    ""Name"": ""Product 1"",
    ""ExpiryDate"": ""2000-12-29T00:00:00Z"",
    ""Price"": 99.95,
    ""Sizes"": null
  },
  {
    ""Name"": ""Product 2"",
    ""ExpiryDate"": ""2009-07-31T00:00:00Z"",
    ""Price"": 12.50,
    ""Sizes"": null
  }
]", json);
        }

        [Test]
        public void SerializingCollectionsDeserializing()
        {
            #region SerializingCollectionsDeserializing
            string json = @"[
              {
                'Name': 'Product 1',
                'ExpiryDate': '2000-12-29T00:00Z',
                'Price': 99.95,
                'Sizes': null
              },
              {
                'Name': 'Product 2',
                'ExpiryDate': '2009-07-31T00:00Z',
                'Price': 12.50,
                'Sizes': null
              }
            ]";

            List<Product> products = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Product>>(json);

            Console.WriteLine(products.Count);
            // 2

            Product p1 = products[0];

            Console.WriteLine(p1.Name);
            // Product 1
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual("Product 1", p1.Name);
        }

        [Test]
        public void SerializingCollectionsDeserializingDictionaries()
        {
            #region SerializingCollectionsDeserializingDictionaries
            string json = @"{""key1"":""value1"",""key2"":""value2""}";

            Dictionary<string, string> values = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, string>>(json);

            Console.WriteLine(values.Count);
            // 2

            Console.WriteLine(values["key1"]);
            // value1
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual("value1", values["key1"]);
        }

        #region SerializingDatesInJson
        public class LogEntry
        {
            public string Details { get; set; }
            public DateTime LogDate { get; set; }
        }

        public void WriteJsonDates()
        {
            LogEntry entry = new LogEntry
            {
                LogDate = new DateTime(2009, 2, 15, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc),
                Details = "Application started."
            };

            // default as of Json.NET 4.5
            string isoJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(entry);
            // {"Details":"Application started.","LogDate":"2009-02-15T00:00:00Z"}

            JsonSerializerSettings microsoftDateFormatSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                DateFormatHandling = DateFormatHandling.MicrosoftDateFormat
            };
            string microsoftJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(entry, microsoftDateFormatSettings);
            // {"Details":"Application started.","LogDate":"\/Date(1234656000000)\/"}

            string javascriptJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(entry, new JavaScriptDateTimeConverter());
            // {"Details":"Application started.","LogDate":new Date(1234656000000)}
        }
        #endregion

        #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeOptOut
        public class Car
        {
            // included in JSON
            public string Model { get; set; }
            public DateTime Year { get; set; }
            public List<string> Features { get; set; }

            // ignored
            [JsonIgnore]
            public DateTime LastModified { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeOptIn
        [DataContract]
        public class Computer
        {
            // included in JSON
            [DataMember]
            public string Name { get; set; }

            [DataMember]
            public decimal SalePrice { get; set; }

            // ignored
            public string Manufacture { get; set; }
            public int StockCount { get; set; }
            public decimal WholeSalePrice { get; set; }
            public DateTime NextShipmentDate { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeNullValueHandlingObject
        public class Movie
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public string Description { get; set; }
            public string Classification { get; set; }
            public string Studio { get; set; }
            public DateTime? ReleaseDate { get; set; }
            public List<string> ReleaseCountries { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        [Test]
        public void ReducingSerializedJsonSizeNullValueHandlingExample()
        {
            #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeNullValueHandlingExample
            Movie movie = new Movie();
            movie.Name = "Bad Boys III";
            movie.Description = "It's no Bad Boys";

            string included = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(movie,
                Formatting.Indented,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { });

            // {
            //   "Name": "Bad Boys III",
            //   "Description": "It's no Bad Boys",
            //   "Classification": null,
            //   "Studio": null,
            //   "ReleaseDate": null,
            //   "ReleaseCountries": null
            // }

            string ignored = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(movie,
                Formatting.Indented,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore });

            // {
            //   "Name": "Bad Boys III",
            //   "Description": "It's no Bad Boys"
            // }
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""Name"": ""Bad Boys III"",
  ""Description"": ""It's no Bad Boys"",
  ""Classification"": null,
  ""Studio"": null,
  ""ReleaseDate"": null,
  ""ReleaseCountries"": null
}", included);

            Assert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""Name"": ""Bad Boys III"",
  ""Description"": ""It's no Bad Boys""
}", ignored);
        }

        #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeDefaultValueHandlingObject
        public class Invoice
        {
            public string Company { get; set; }
            public decimal Amount { get; set; }

            // false is default value of bool
            public bool Paid { get; set; }
            // null is default value of nullable
            public DateTime? PaidDate { get; set; }

            // customize default values
            [DefaultValue(30)]
            public int FollowUpDays { get; set; }

            [DefaultValue("")]
            public string FollowUpEmailAddress { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        public void ReducingSerializedJsonSizeDefaultValueHandlingExample()
        {
            #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeDefaultValueHandlingExample
            Invoice invoice = new Invoice
            {
                Company = "Acme Ltd.",
                Amount = 50.0m,
                Paid = false,
                FollowUpDays = 30,
                FollowUpEmailAddress = string.Empty,
                PaidDate = null
            };

            string included = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(invoice,
                Formatting.Indented,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { });

            // {
            //   "Company": "Acme Ltd.",
            //   "Amount": 50.0,
            //   "Paid": false,
            //   "PaidDate": null,
            //   "FollowUpDays": 30,
            //   "FollowUpEmailAddress": ""
            // }

            string ignored = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(invoice,
                Formatting.Indented,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { DefaultValueHandling = DefaultValueHandling.Ignore });

            // {
            //   "Company": "Acme Ltd.",
            //   "Amount": 50.0
            // }
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""Company"": ""Acme Ltd."",
  ""Amount"": 50.0,
  ""Paid"": false,
  ""PaidDate"": null,
  ""FollowUpDays"": 30,
  ""FollowUpEmailAddress"": """"
}", included);

            Assert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""Company"": ""Acme Ltd."",
  ""Amount"": 50.0
}", included);
        }

        #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeContractResolverObject
        public class DynamicContractResolver : DefaultContractResolver
        {
            private readonly char _startingWithChar;

            public DynamicContractResolver(char startingWithChar)
            {
                _startingWithChar = startingWithChar;
            }

            protected override IList<JsonProperty> CreateProperties(Type type, MemberSerialization memberSerialization)
            {
                IList<JsonProperty> properties = base.CreateProperties(type, memberSerialization);

                // only serializer properties that start with the specified character
                properties =
                    properties.Where(p => p.PropertyName.StartsWith(_startingWithChar.ToString())).ToList();

                return properties;
            }
        }

        public class Book
        {
            public string BookName { get; set; }
            public decimal BookPrice { get; set; }
            public string AuthorName { get; set; }
            public int AuthorAge { get; set; }
            public string AuthorCountry { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        public void ReducingSerializedJsonSizeContractResolverExample()
        {
            #region ReducingSerializedJsonSizeContractResolverExample
            Book book = new Book
            {
                BookName = "The Gathering Storm",
                BookPrice = 16.19m,
                AuthorName = "Brandon Sanderson",
                AuthorAge = 34,
                AuthorCountry = "United States of America"
            };

            string startingWithA = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(book, Formatting.Indented,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { ContractResolver = new DynamicContractResolver('A') });

            // {
            //   "AuthorName": "Brandon Sanderson",
            //   "AuthorAge": 34,
            //   "AuthorCountry": "United States of America"
            // }

            string startingWithB = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(book, Formatting.Indented,
                new JsonSerializerSettings { ContractResolver = new DynamicContractResolver('B') });

            // {
            //   "BookName": "The Gathering Storm",
            //   "BookPrice": 16.19
            // }
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""AuthorName"": ""Brandon Sanderson"",
  ""AuthorAge"": 34,
  ""AuthorCountry"": ""United States of America""
}", startingWithA);

            Assert.AreEqual(@"{
  ""BookName"": ""The Gathering Storm"",
  ""BookPrice"": 16.19
}", startingWithB);
        }

        #region SerializingPartialJsonFragmentsObject
        public class SearchResult
        {
            public string Title { get; set; }
            public string Content { get; set; }
            public string Url { get; set; }
        }
        #endregion

        [Test]
        public void SerializingPartialJsonFragmentsExample()
        {
            #region SerializingPartialJsonFragmentsExample
            string googleSearchText = @"{
              'responseData': {
                'results': [
                  {
                    'GsearchResultClass': 'GwebSearch',
                    'unescapedUrl': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Hilton',
                    'url': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Hilton',
                    'visibleUrl': 'en.wikipedia.org',
                    'cacheUrl': 'http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:TwrPfhd22hYJ:en.wikipedia.org',
                    'title': '<b>Paris Hilton</b> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia',
                    'titleNoFormatting': 'Paris Hilton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia',
                    'content': '[1] In 2006, she released her debut album...'
                  },
                  {
                    'GsearchResultClass': 'GwebSearch',
                    'unescapedUrl': 'http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0385296/',
                    'url': 'http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0385296/',
                    'visibleUrl': 'www.imdb.com',
                    'cacheUrl': 'http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:1i34KkqnsooJ:www.imdb.com',
                    'title': '<b>Paris Hilton</b>',
                    'titleNoFormatting': 'Paris Hilton',
                    'content': 'Self: Zoolander. Socialite <b>Paris Hilton</b>...'
                  }
                ],
                'cursor': {
                  'pages': [
                    {
                      'start': '0',
                      'label': 1
                    },
                    {
                      'start': '4',
                      'label': 2
                    },
                    {
                      'start': '8',
                      'label': 3
                    },
                    {
                      'start': '12',
                      'label': 4
                    }
                  ],
                  'estimatedResultCount': '59600000',
                  'currentPageIndex': 0,
                  'moreResultsUrl': 'http://www.google.com/search?oe=utf8&ie=utf8...'
                }
              },
              'responseDetails': null,
              'responseStatus': 200
            }";

            JObject googleSearch = JObject.Parse(googleSearchText);

            // get JSON result objects into a list
            IList<JToken> results = googleSearch["responseData"]["results"].Children().ToList();

            // serialize JSON results into .NET objects
            IList<SearchResult> searchResults = new List<SearchResult>();
            foreach (JToken result in results)
            {
                // JToken.ToObject is a helper method that uses JsonSerializer internally
                SearchResult searchResult = result.ToObject<SearchResult>();
                searchResults.Add(searchResult);
            }

            // Title = <b>Paris Hilton</b> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
            // Content = [1] In 2006, she released her debut album...
            // Url = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Hilton

            // Title = <b>Paris Hilton</b>
            // Content = Self: Zoolander. Socialite <b>Paris Hilton</b>...
            // Url = http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0385296/
            #endregion

            Assert.AreEqual("<b>Paris Hilton</b> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia", searchResults[0].Title);
        }

        [Test]
        public void SerializeMultidimensionalArrayExample()
        {
            string[,] famousCouples = new string[,]
            {
                { "Adam", "Eve" },
                { "Bonnie", "Clyde" },
                { "Donald", "Daisy" },
                { "Han", "Leia" }
            };

            string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(famousCouples, Formatting.Indented);
            // [
            //   ["Adam", "Eve"],
            //   ["Bonnie", "Clyde"],
            //   ["Donald", "Daisy"],
            //   ["Han", "Leia"]
            // ]

            string[,] deserialized = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<string[,]>(json);

            Console.WriteLine(deserialized[3, 0] + ", " + deserialized[3, 1]);
            // Han, Leia

            Assert.AreEqual("Han", deserialized[3, 0]);
        }
    }
}

#endif