/*
Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package cache

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"

	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
)

// ThreadSafeStore is an interface that allows concurrent access to a storage backend.
// TL;DR caveats: you must not modify anything returned by Get or List as it will break
// the indexing feature in addition to not being thread safe.
//
// The guarantees of thread safety provided by List/Get are only valid if the caller
// treats returned items as read-only. For example, a pointer inserted in the store
// through `Add` will be returned as is by `Get`. Multiple clients might invoke `Get`
// on the same key and modify the pointer in a non-thread-safe way. Also note that
// modifying objects stored by the indexers (if any) will *not* automatically lead
// to a re-index. So it's not a good idea to directly modify the objects returned by
// Get/List, in general.
type ThreadSafeStore interface {
	Add(key string, obj interface{})
	Update(key string, obj interface{})
	Delete(key string)
	Get(key string) (item interface{}, exists bool)
	List() []interface{}
	ListKeys() []string
	Replace(map[string]interface{}, string)
	Index(indexName string, obj interface{}) ([]interface{}, error)
	IndexKeys(indexName, indexKey string) ([]string, error)
	ListIndexFuncValues(name string) []string
	ByIndex(indexName, indexKey string) ([]interface{}, error)
	GetIndexers() Indexers

	// AddIndexers adds more indexers to this store.  If you call this after you already have data
	// in the store, the results are undefined.
	AddIndexers(newIndexers Indexers) error
	Resync() error
}

// threadSafeMap implements ThreadSafeStore
type threadSafeMap struct {
	lock  sync.RWMutex
	items map[string]interface{}

	// indexers maps a name to an IndexFunc
	indexers Indexers
	// indices maps a name to an Index
	indices Indices
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) Add(key string, obj interface{}) {
	c.lock.Lock()
	defer c.lock.Unlock()
	oldObject := c.items[key]
	c.items[key] = obj
	c.updateIndices(oldObject, obj, key)
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) Update(key string, obj interface{}) {
	c.lock.Lock()
	defer c.lock.Unlock()
	oldObject := c.items[key]
	c.items[key] = obj
	c.updateIndices(oldObject, obj, key)
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) Delete(key string) {
	c.lock.Lock()
	defer c.lock.Unlock()
	if obj, exists := c.items[key]; exists {
		c.deleteFromIndices(obj, key)
		delete(c.items, key)
	}
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) Get(key string) (item interface{}, exists bool) {
	c.lock.RLock()
	defer c.lock.RUnlock()
	item, exists = c.items[key]
	return item, exists
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) List() []interface{} {
	c.lock.RLock()
	defer c.lock.RUnlock()
	list := make([]interface{}, 0, len(c.items))
	for _, item := range c.items {
		list = append(list, item)
	}
	return list
}

// ListKeys returns a list of all the keys of the objects currently
// in the threadSafeMap.
func (c *threadSafeMap) ListKeys() []string {
	c.lock.RLock()
	defer c.lock.RUnlock()
	list := make([]string, 0, len(c.items))
	for key := range c.items {
		list = append(list, key)
	}
	return list
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) Replace(items map[string]interface{}, resourceVersion string) {
	c.lock.Lock()
	defer c.lock.Unlock()
	c.items = items

	// rebuild any index
	c.indices = Indices{}
	for key, item := range c.items {
		c.updateIndices(nil, item, key)
	}
}

// Index returns a list of items that match on the index function
// Index is thread-safe so long as you treat all items as immutable
func (c *threadSafeMap) Index(indexName string, obj interface{}) ([]interface{}, error) {
	c.lock.RLock()
	defer c.lock.RUnlock()

	indexFunc := c.indexers[indexName]
	if indexFunc == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Index with name %s does not exist", indexName)
	}

	indexKeys, err := indexFunc(obj)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	index := c.indices[indexName]

	var returnKeySet sets.String
	if len(indexKeys) == 1 {
		// In majority of cases, there is exactly one value matching.
		// Optimize the most common path - deduping is not needed here.
		returnKeySet = index[indexKeys[0]]
	} else {
		// Need to de-dupe the return list.
		// Since multiple keys are allowed, this can happen.
		returnKeySet = sets.String{}
		for _, indexKey := range indexKeys {
			for key := range index[indexKey] {
				returnKeySet.Insert(key)
			}
		}
	}

	list := make([]interface{}, 0, returnKeySet.Len())
	for absoluteKey := range returnKeySet {
		list = append(list, c.items[absoluteKey])
	}
	return list, nil
}

// ByIndex returns a list of items that match an exact value on the index function
func (c *threadSafeMap) ByIndex(indexName, indexKey string) ([]interface{}, error) {
	c.lock.RLock()
	defer c.lock.RUnlock()

	indexFunc := c.indexers[indexName]
	if indexFunc == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Index with name %s does not exist", indexName)
	}

	index := c.indices[indexName]

	set := index[indexKey]
	list := make([]interface{}, 0, set.Len())
	for key := range set {
		list = append(list, c.items[key])
	}

	return list, nil
}

// IndexKeys returns a list of keys that match on the index function.
// IndexKeys is thread-safe so long as you treat all items as immutable.
func (c *threadSafeMap) IndexKeys(indexName, indexKey string) ([]string, error) {
	c.lock.RLock()
	defer c.lock.RUnlock()

	indexFunc := c.indexers[indexName]
	if indexFunc == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Index with name %s does not exist", indexName)
	}

	index := c.indices[indexName]

	set := index[indexKey]
	return set.List(), nil
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) ListIndexFuncValues(indexName string) []string {
	c.lock.RLock()
	defer c.lock.RUnlock()

	index := c.indices[indexName]
	names := make([]string, 0, len(index))
	for key := range index {
		names = append(names, key)
	}
	return names
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) GetIndexers() Indexers {
	return c.indexers
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) AddIndexers(newIndexers Indexers) error {
	c.lock.Lock()
	defer c.lock.Unlock()

	if len(c.items) > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("cannot add indexers to running index")
	}

	oldKeys := sets.StringKeySet(c.indexers)
	newKeys := sets.StringKeySet(newIndexers)

	if oldKeys.HasAny(newKeys.List()...) {
		return fmt.Errorf("indexer conflict: %v", oldKeys.Intersection(newKeys))
	}

	for k, v := range newIndexers {
		c.indexers[k] = v
	}
	return nil
}

// updateIndices modifies the objects location in the managed indexes, if this is an update, you must provide an oldObj
// updateIndices must be called from a function that already has a lock on the cache
func (c *threadSafeMap) updateIndices(oldObj interface{}, newObj interface{}, key string) {
	// if we got an old object, we need to remove it before we add it again
	if oldObj != nil {
		c.deleteFromIndices(oldObj, key)
	}
	for name, indexFunc := range c.indexers {
		indexValues, err := indexFunc(newObj)
		if err != nil {
			panic(fmt.Errorf("unable to calculate an index entry for key %q on index %q: %v", key, name, err))
		}
		index := c.indices[name]
		if index == nil {
			index = Index{}
			c.indices[name] = index
		}

		for _, indexValue := range indexValues {
			set := index[indexValue]
			if set == nil {
				set = sets.String{}
				index[indexValue] = set
			}
			set.Insert(key)
		}
	}
}

// deleteFromIndices removes the object from each of the managed indexes
// it is intended to be called from a function that already has a lock on the cache
func (c *threadSafeMap) deleteFromIndices(obj interface{}, key string) {
	for name, indexFunc := range c.indexers {
		indexValues, err := indexFunc(obj)
		if err != nil {
			panic(fmt.Errorf("unable to calculate an index entry for key %q on index %q: %v", key, name, err))
		}

		index := c.indices[name]
		if index == nil {
			continue
		}
		for _, indexValue := range indexValues {
			set := index[indexValue]
			if set != nil {
				set.Delete(key)

				// If we don't delete the set when zero, indices with high cardinality
				// short lived resources can cause memory to increase over time from
				// unused empty sets. See `kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/84959`.
				if len(set) == 0 {
					delete(index, indexValue)
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

func (c *threadSafeMap) Resync() error {
	// Nothing to do
	return nil
}

// NewThreadSafeStore creates a new instance of ThreadSafeStore.
func NewThreadSafeStore(indexers Indexers, indices Indices) ThreadSafeStore {
	return &threadSafeMap{
		items:    map[string]interface{}{},
		indexers: indexers,
		indices:  indices,
	}
}